Metformin inhibited Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes activation and suppressed diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice

Tang, Ge; Fu-jian, Duan; Kang, Shimo; Wang, Yiqin; Zeng, Cheng; Hu, Jia; Li, Hongyu; Zhang, Xuanhong; Chen, Yanming; Tan, Hongmei

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109410

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Concomitant changes to glycolysis in both KOs were few, but the elevated expression of TXNIP was however notable (40). This is a pathological feature of type II diabetes and biological tissues that are unable to utilize glucose (glucose intolerance) (41). An earlier work with a fibroblast mutant defective in phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) demonstrated that glucose-6-phosphate is the key accumulated metabolite "repressing" glucose transport activity (42), a mechanism further elucidated by Ayer's group in which TXNIP was shown to be induced through a nuclear transcription factor complex, ChREBP/Mlx, (MondoA-Mlx) (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

Mazzio

Badisa

Mack

et al. 2020

Cancer Genomics Proteomics

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Background/Aim: Nearly all mammalian tumors of diverse tissues are believed to be dependent on fermentative glycolysis, marked by elevated production of lactic acid and expression of glycolytic enzymes, most notably lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing chemotherapy drugs that selectively target various isoforms of the LDH enzyme. However, considerable questions remain as to the consequences of biological ablation of LDH or upstream targeting of the glycolytic pathway. Materials and Methods: In this study, we explore the biochemical and whole transcriptomic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout (KO) of lactate dehydrogenases A and B [LDHA/B double KO (DKO)] and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI KO) in the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, using Affymetrix 2.1 ST arrays. Results: The metabolic biochemical profiles corroborate that relative to wild type (WT), LDHA/B DKO produced no lactic acid, (GPI KO) produced minimal lactic acid and both KOs displayed higher mitochondrial respiration, and minimal use of glucose with no loss of cell viability. These findings show a high biochemical energy efficiency as measured by ATP in glycolysis-null cells. Next, transcriptomic analysis conducted on 48,226 mRNA transcripts reflect 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in the GPI KO clone set, 193 DEGS in the LDHA/B DKO clone set with 47 DEGs common to both KO clones. Glycolytic-null cells reflect up-regulation in gene transcripts typically associated with nutrient deprivation / fasting and possible use of fats for energy: thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). Other changes in non-ergometric transcripts in both KOs show losses in "stemness", WNT signaling pathway, chemo/radiation resistance, retinoic acid synthesis, drug detoxification, androgen/estrogen activation, and extracellular matrix reprogramming genes. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that: 1) The "Warburg effect" is dispensable, 2) loss of the LDHAB gene is not only inconsequential to viability but fosters greater mitochondrial energy, and 3) drugs that target LDHA/B are likely to be ineffective without a plausible combination second drug target. Common features across diverse mammalian tumors include the rapid glycolytic activity, greater expression of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) and subsequent overproduction of lactic acid, occurring regardless of the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect) (1,2). This unique trait of cancer has been studied for decades, where researchers have geared off original focus from its role in metabolism to its role in acidification of the tumor microenvironment (TME), a formidable driving force for tumor growth, metastasis, aggressiveness, chemo/radiation resistance and loss of immune surveillance (3-8). This loss of immune surveillance 469 This article is freely accessible online.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

Mazzio

Badisa

Mack

et al. 2020

Cancer Genomics Proteomics

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“…Glucose decreased the expression of TRX and increased the expression of TXNIP, in which metformin was also reversed. Metformin also inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ApoE −/− mice and inhibited atherosclerosis in diabetes [115].…”

Section: Clinical Medicine and The Treatment For As To Evaluate The mentioning

confidence: 91%

NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Potential Alternative Therapy Target for Atherosclerosis

Yang

Yin

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in multiple systems of the human body. It is an important pathological basis for a variety of diseases and a serious threat to human health. So far, many theories have been formed to explain the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, among which “inflammation theory” has gradually become a research focus. This theory presents that inflammatory response runs through the whole progress of AS, inflammatory cells play as the main executors of AS, and inflammatory mediators are the key molecules of AS. In the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis, the role of NLRP3 in the atherosclerosis has gradually got the attention of researchers. NLRP3 is a kind of signal-transductional pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). After recognizing and binding to the damage factors, NLRP3 inflammasome will be assembled to activate IL-1β and caspase-1 pathways, resulting in promoting the inflammation process of AS, reducing the stability of the plaques, and finally increasing the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Taken above, the article will review the potential benefits of drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the therapy of AS.

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“…Moreover, metformin is known to reduce the glucose level, which is also potentially contributes to a decreased rate of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vitro investigations revealed the decreased activation rate of NLRP3 inflammasome in the ApoE−/− mice model and inhibited atherosclerosis in diabetes [58].…”

Section: Metforminmentioning

confidence: 99%

NLPR3 Inflammasomes and Their Significance for Atherosclerosis

et al. 2020

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Atherosclerosis is a serious disorder, with numerous potential complications such as cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The origin of atherosclerosis is related to chronic inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and oxidative stress. Inflammasomes are the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex triggering the activation of inflammatory response. NLRP3 inflammasomes have a specific activation pathway that involves numerous stimuli, including a wide range of PAMPs and DAMPs. Recent studies of atherosclerotic pathology are focused on the mitochondria that appear to be a promising target for therapeutic approach development. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with oxidative stress. It was previously shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in mitochondrial damage, but the exact mechanisms of this need to be specified. In this review, we focused on the features of NLRP3 inflammasomes and their significance for atherosclerosis, especially concerning mitochondria.

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Metformin inhibited Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes activation and suppressed diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Potential Alternative Therapy Target for Atherosclerosis

NLPR3 Inflammasomes and Their Significance for Atherosclerosis

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