Metformin reduces the risk of developing influenza A virus related cardiovascular disease

Lee, Han Sol; Noh, Ji Yun; Song, Joon Young; Cheong, Hee Jin; Kim, Woo Joo

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20284

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Studies showed that MET inhibits viral replication and cytokine expression induced by IAV. MET treatment was associated with decreased influenza-related mortality in diabetic patients [49].…”

Section: (Ssrna-) Iavmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin

De Jesús-González,

del Ángel,

Palacios-Rápalo

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Metformin (MET) and atorvastatin (ATO) are promising treatments for COVID-19. This review explores the potential of MET and ATO, commonly prescribed for diabetes and dyslipidemia, respectively, as versatile medicines against SARS-CoV-2. Due to their immunomodulatory and antiviral capabilities, as well as their cost-effectiveness and ubiquitous availability, they are highly suitable options for treating the virus. MET’s effect extends beyond managing blood sugar, impacting pathways that can potentially decrease the severity and fatality rates linked with COVID-19. It can partially block mitochondrial complex I and stimulate AMPK, which indicates that it can be used more widely in managing viral infections. ATO, however, impacts cholesterol metabolism, a crucial element of the viral replicative cycle, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory characteristics that could modulate intense immune reactions in individuals with COVID-19. Retrospective investigations and clinical trials show decreased hospitalizations, severity, and mortality rates in patients receiving these medications. Nevertheless, the journey from observing something to applying it in a therapeutic setting is intricate, and the inherent diversity of the data necessitates carefully executed, forward-looking clinical trials. This review highlights the requirement for efficacious, easily obtainable, and secure COVID-19 therapeutics and identifies MET and ATO as promising treatments in this worldwide health emergency.

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Section: (Ssrna-) Iavmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin

De Jesús-González,

del Ángel,

Palacios-Rápalo

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…The issue of metformin effect on COVID-19 course may have relevant clinical implications in the management of diabetes during COVID-19 disease [46] because metformin is usually suspended in patients hospitalized for pneumonia or respiratory insufficiency due to the potentially increased risk of lactic acidosis [47]; it is, therefore, essential to provide evidence of a specific effect of metformin on COVID-19. Many molecular mechanisms have been advocated to explain a possible effect of metformin on COVID-19, such as its well-established insulin-sensitizing action or possible anti-inflammatory or antiviral properties [48], in a similar fashion to the possible effect that has been proposed for metformin on influenzarelated complications [49]. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials, however, have so far provided controversial results [30,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Metformin Use Associated with a More Favorable COVID-19 Course in People with Diabetes?

Silverii,

Fumagalli,

Rozzini

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been associated with a higher Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) mortality, both in hospitalized patients and in the general population. A possible beneficial effect of metformin on the prognosis of COVID-19 has been reported in some observational studies, whereas other studies disagree. Methods: To investigate the possible effect of metformin on COVID-19 in-hospital mortality, we performed a retrospective study that included all SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with DM who were admitted to two Italian hospitals. In order to adjust for possible confounders accounting for the observed reduction of mortality in metformin users, we adopted the COVID-19 Mortality Risk Score (COVID-19 MRS) as a covariate. Results: Out of the 524 included patients, 33.4% died. A binomial logistic regression showed that metformin use was associated with a significant reduction in case fatality (OR 0.67 [0.45–0.98], p = 0.039), with no significant effect on the need for ventilation (OR 0.75 [0.5–1.11], p = 0.146). After adjusting for COVID-19 MRS, metformin did not retain a significant association with in-hospital mortality [OR 0.795 (0.495–1.277), p = 0.342]. Conclusions: A beneficial effect of metformin on COVID-19 was not proven after adjusting for confounding factors. The use of validated tools to stratify the risk for COVID-19 severe disease and death, such as COVID-19 MRS, may be useful to better explore the potential association of medications and comorbidities with COVID-19 prognosis.

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Beyond Antivirals: Alternative Therapies for Long COVID

Livieratos,

Gogos,

Akinosoglou

2024

Viruses

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Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a condition characterized by numerous lingering symptoms that persist for weeks to months following the viral illness. While treatment for PASC is still evolving, several therapeutic approaches beyond traditional antiviral therapies are being investigated, such as immune-modulating agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and various supportive interventions focusing at alleviating symptoms and enhancing recovery. We aimed to summarize the breadth of available evidence, identify knowledge gaps, and highlight promising non-antiviral therapies for Long COVID/PASC. We followed the framework of a scoping methodology by mapping existing evidence from a range of studies, including randomized clinical trials, observational research, and case series. Treatments evaluated include metformin, low-dose naltrexone (LDN), dexamethasone, statins, omega-3 fatty acids, L-arginine, and emerging therapies like intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and therapeutic apheresis. Early findings suggest that metformin has the strongest clinical evidence, particularly from large phase 3 trials, while LDN and dexamethasone show potential based on observational studies. However, many treatments lack robust, large-scale trials. This review emphasizes the need for further research to confirm the efficacy of these treatments and guide clinical practice for Long COVID management.

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Metformin reduces the risk of developing influenza A virus related cardiovascular disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin

A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin

Is Metformin Use Associated with a More Favorable COVID-19 Course in People with Diabetes?

Beyond Antivirals: Alternative Therapies for Long COVID

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