Methane conversion at low temperature: the combined application of catalysis and non-equilibrium plasma

Pietruszka, Barbara; Heintze, M.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2004.04.021

Cited by 90 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The phenomenon probably triggers excitation of electrons pairs of reactants molecules from the ground state to the outer stationary states. This excitation will lower binding energy of the reactants so that termination of the bonding chain becomes easier [32][33][34][35]. In the hybrid catalytic-plasma process, active species (high energetic electrons, metastable compounds, free radicals) are not only formed around the plasma discharge zone, but also in pores of the catalyst due to direct contact between the plasma and the catalyst [36].…”

Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Buchori

Istadi

Purwanto

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Preliminary testing of hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor for biodiesel production through transesterification of soybean oil with methanol over modified-carbon catalyst was investigated. This research focused on synergetic roles of non-thermal plasma and catalysis in the transesterification process. The amount of modified-carbon catalyst with grain size of 1.75 mm was placed into fixed tubular reactor within discharge zone. The discharge zone of the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor was defined in the volume area between high voltage and ground electrodes. Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) of 1.85 h -1 of reactant feed was studied at reaction temperature of 65 o C and at ambient pressure. The modified-carbon catalyst was prepared by impregnation of active carbon within H2SO4 solution followed by drying at 100 o C for overnight and calcining at 300 o C for 3 h. It was found that biodiesel yield obtained using the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor was 92.39% and 73.91% when using active carbon and modified-carbon catalysts, respectively better than without plasma. Therefore, there were synergetic effects of non-thermal plasma and catalysis roles for driving the transesterification process. Copyright

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Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Buchori

Istadi

Purwanto

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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“…Em um sistema catalítico convencional, utilizando-se níquel suportado, por exemplo, a conversão de CH 4 aumenta com a diminuição da concentração de metano, enquanto a conversão de CO 2 diminui, concordando com os cálculos termodinâmicos. 23,24 Neste trabalho o resultado experimental obtido com plasma térmico na reação de reforma não segue os mesmos padrões termodinâmicos, mostrando o caráter de não equilíbrio da ativação por plasma ou dissociação por impacto de elétrons. 24 Na reação de reforma do biogás por plasma térmico, a alta temperatura do meio e todas as espécies químicas existentes no plasma participam na quebra das ligações químicas para produzir novas espécies, sendo difícil de predizer teoricamente a energia envolvida na formação dos produtos finais da reação.…”

Section: Efeito Da Concentração De Metanounclassified

Produção de gás de síntese por plasma térmico via pirólise de metano e dióxido de carbono

2011

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Recebido em 28/8/10; aceito em 5/5/11; publicado na web em 8/7/11 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS BY THERMAL PLASMA VIA PYROLYSIS OF METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE. In this work the production of synthesis gas from a mixture of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by thermal plasma was studied. The best relation found for the gas mixture [CO 2 ]/[CH 4 ] was 1.3. Under the excess of CH 4 in the gas mixture soot was formed and also benzene, indene and naphthalene were identified. The disulfides compounds in the gas mixture were degraded causing no interference in the synthesis gas production, suggesting no needs of pretreatment step for sulfurorganic compounds removal in the process.Keywords: synthesis gas; biogas; argon thermal plasma. INTRODUÇÃOO biogás é o produto da decomposição por micro-organismos em condições anaeróbicas de matéria orgânica proveniente de diferentes fontes, como aterros sanitários, biodigestores e resíduos animais. A composição do biogás varia de acordo com o tipo de matéria orgânica precursora sendo constituído principalmente de metano (45 a 65%), dióxido de carbono (35 a 41%), nitrogênio (1 a 17%) e oxigênio (< 1%). Contém também, em menor quantidade, outros compostos orgânicos, como benzeno e tolueno, aldeídos e cetonas, ácidos graxos voláteis, sulfetos e dissulfetos, amônia e aminas, conferindo ao biogás cheiro desagradável. . 2 Também pode ser usado em processos de reforma catalítica ou reforma a seco na produção de gás de síntese (singás). No processo catalítico a presença de compostos sulfurados causa envenenamento do catalisador requerendo uma etapa de pré-tratamento dos gases. A reforma a seco permite a conversão de CH 4 e CO 2 , em gás de síntese através das seguintes reações: Equação 1, na razão de 1:1 entre H 2 /CO; adequada para síntese de metanol (Equação 2) ou para o processo Fisher-Tropsch para a produção de alcanos (Equação 3): 3,4 CH 4(g) + CO 2(g) → 2H 2(g) + 2CO (g) (1)A reforma é especialmente conveniente para gases provenientes de fontes que apresentem quantidades similares de CH 4 e CO 2 , por exemplo, biogás de aterros. A reforma de metano com CO 2 é acompanhada por reações competitivas paralelas (Equações 4, 5 e 6), que modificam o equilíbrio de conversão do CO 2 e CH 4 :A reação 4 aumenta a conversão de CO 2 e o rendimento de CO, a reação de Boudouard (Equação 5) diminui a conversão de CO 2 e o rendimento de CO; a Equação 6 aumenta a conversão do metano e o rendimento de H 2 . As reações 5 e 6 são também responsáveis pela formação de carbono sólido durante o processo. 4 Os processos de reforma comumente usados na indústria possuem várias limitações técnicas, tais como ignição lenta, necessidade de uma fonte térmica externa devido ao elevado calor absorvido pela reação e a remoção de compostos sulfurados para evitar o envenenamento do catalisador. 5-8Para superar as limitações das técnicas tradicionais, novas propostas de reforma estão sendo estudadas como, por exemplo, a reforma por plasma térmico. O plasma térmico consiste de uma mistura de espécies quimicamente ...

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“…However, these reactions are always less selective than catalytic processes, leading to complex product distributions. A possible way to overcome this difficulty is to exploit the inherent synergetic potential of plasma-mediated reactions and heterogeneous catalysts [5][6][7]. This combination can be operated in two configurations [8]: (i) in-plasma catalysis (IPC, also called plasma-driven catalysis), where catalysts are placed in the discharge reactor, and (ii) post-plasma catalysis (PPC, plasma-enhanced catalysis), where catalysts are placed downstream of the plasma unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐Plasma Catalysis for Methane Partial Oxidation to Methanol: Role of the Copper‐Promoted Iron Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2010

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Methane-air partial oxidation to methanol over a ceramic-supported Fe 2 O 3 -CuO catalyst was investigated in a post-plasma catalytic reactor at ambient conditions. The multicomponent catalyst exerted a better catalytic performance than the monocomponent Fe 2 O 3 catalyst. Characterization of the catalysts by XPS showed that incorporation of the CuO additive to a Fe 2 O 3 -based catalyst resulted in an increase of lattice oxygen in the surface of the catalyst which facilitated selective methane oxidation. Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction revealed that addition of the CuO promoter could improve the reduction performance of the catalyst. Moreover, this catalyst showed excellent stability and resistance against carbon deposition in the extended reactions while maintaining catalytic activity. A post-plasma catalytic mechanism is proposed with three main pathways to methanol synthesis.

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Methane conversion at low temperature: the combined application of catalysis and non-equilibrium plasma

Cited by 90 publications

References 20 publications

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Produção de gás de síntese por plasma térmico via pirólise de metano e dióxido de carbono

Post‐Plasma Catalysis for Methane Partial Oxidation to Methanol: Role of the Copper‐Promoted Iron Oxide Catalyst

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