Methane conversion by an air microwave plasma

Oumghar, A.; Legrand, J.; Diamy, A. M.; Turillon, N.

doi:10.1007/bf01596683

Cited by 102 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The reaction R11 is a very slow reaction and requires CH which is a product of the ATI fragmentation. In literature [26,27,28,29], reactions with atomic nitrogen are discussed. The reactions R12 to R14 describe the formation of HCN originating from C n H m molecules and N atoms.…”

Section: Fig 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy

Hübner¹,

Fröhlich²,

Tawidian³

et al. 2014

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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International audienceIn Ar and Ar/N2 radio frequency (RF) discharges with admixtures of aluminium tri-isopropoxide (ATI) the fragmentation of this metal-organic precursor was studied by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using an optical long path cell providing an optical length of l= 17.2 m. The experiments were performed in an asymmetric capacitively coupled process plasma at a frequency of f= 13.56 MHz and at pressure values in the range of p= 1 - 10.5 Pa. The discharge power was chosen between P= 10 - 100 W. Using FTIR spectroscopy the evolution of the concentrations of ATI and of six stable molecules, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CO and HCN, was monitored under flowing conditions at gas flows of Φtotal= 0.5 - 14.5 sccm in the discharge. The concentrations of the reaction products were measured to be between 2 x 1012 molecules cm−3 as e.g. found for C2H4 and C2H6, and 5 x 1013 molecules cm−3, as e.g. in the case of CO. In the plasma a complete dissociation of the precursor ATI was found at a power value of about P= 80 W independent on the admixture of Ar or N2. The fragmentation efficiency (FE) of the reaction products which originate from the ATI molecules ranges between 0.2 and 4 x 1016 molecules J−1 while the fragmentation rate (FR) reached up to 2.5 x 1018 molecules s−1. The multi component detection ability of the spectrometer served to analyse the carbon balance of the by-product formation. For all experiments, the carbon balance never exceeded 25%. Therefore, in the plasmas the majority of the provided carbon is most likely deposited at the reactor walls or forms dust particles or higher molecular CxHy. The conversion efficiencies (CE) of the produced molecular species ranges between 0.1 x 1015 molecules J−1 for C2H4 and 5 x 1015 molecules J−1 for C2H6 depending on the discharge conditions of the RF plasma

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Section: Fig 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy

Hübner¹,

Fröhlich²,

Tawidian³

et al. 2014

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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“…Since the electrons could also decompose methane the following equations are also proposed [4,5] The deposition of carbon will be neglected and not considered in our case and it is assumed that the only electron interaction that is allowed concerns CO 2 and CH 4 . Table 1 shows the kinetic model [5][6][7] [8] Running this kinetic mechanisms in Reactor Engineering Lab with a 1 mol/m 3 initial concentration for both CO 2 and CH 4 gives the results in figure 5, where all the concentration profiles are shown. It can be seen that the main products are CO and H 2 , followed by H and O radicals.…”

Section: The Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂valorization by means of Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Machrafi

Cavadias

Amouroux

2011

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. As atmospheric pollution is causing several environmental problems it is incumbent to reduce the impact of pollution on the environment. One particular problem is the production of CO 2 by many transport and industrial applications. Instead of stocking CO 2 and instead of being a product, it can be used as a source. The case considered is the CO 2 reformation of methane producing hydrogen and CO. It is an endothermic reaction, for which the activition barrier needs to be surpassed. This can be done efficiently by the method of Dielectric Barrier Discharge. The process relies on the collision of electrons, which are accelerated under an electrical field that is created in the discharge area. This leads to the formation of reactive species, which facilitate the abovementioned reaction. This study is performed using a Matlab program with the Reaction Engineering module in COMSOL (with an incorporated kinetic mechanism) in order to model the discharge phase. Then COMSOL (continuity and Navier-Stokes equations) is used to model the flow in the post-discharge phase. The results showed that both a 2D and 3D model can be used to model the chemical-plasma process. These methods need strongly reduced kinetic mechanism, which in some cases can cause loss of precision.

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“…26 No C 2 H 6 was Figure 2 revealed that DMS was converted mainly into CS 2 at a lower R (namely, R Ͻ ϭ 0.6 or O 2 -lean environment) with a higher P, while vanishing gradually with increased concentration of O 2 . For C in ϭ 5%, the molar fraction of CS 2 (M CS2 ) reached 2.16% at P ϭ 90 W with R ϭ 0.6 (see Figure 2a) and 2.13% at P ϭ 60 W with R ϭ 0 (see Figure 2b), which could not be detected as R reached 4.5 or higher (see Figure 2b).…”

Section: Conversion Of Dms Species Of Odorous S Compounds and Odorlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deodorization of Dimethyl Sulfide Using a Discharge Approach at Room Temperature

Tsai

Huang

Chen

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The traditional technologies for odor removal of thiol usually create either secondary pollution for scrubbing, adsorption, and absorption processes, or sulfur (S) poisoning for catalytic incineration. This study applied a laboratory-scale radio-frequency plasma reactor to destructive percentage-grade concentrations of odorous dimethyl sulfide (CH 3 SCH 3 , or DMS). Odor was diminished effectively via reforming DMS into mainly carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) or sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The removal efficiencies of DMS elevated significantly with a lower feeding concentration of DMS or a higher applied rf power. A greater inlet oxygen (O 2 )/DMS molar ratio slightly improved the removal efficiency. In an O 2 -free environment, DMS was converted primarily to CS 2 , methane (CH 4 ), acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), and hydrogen (H 2 ), with traces of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH), and dimethyl disulfide. In an O 2 -containing environment, the species detected were SO 2 , CS 2 , carbonyl sulfide, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 , H 2 , formaldehyde, and methanol. Differences in yield of products were functions of the amounts of added O 2 and the applied power. This study provided useful information for gaining insight into the reaction pathways for the DMS dissociation and the formation of products in the plasmolysis and conversion processes. INTRODUCTIONDimethyl sulfide (CH 3 SCH 3 , or DMS) is an odorous organosulfur pollutant subject to strong public criticism. Natural sources of DMS include oceanic emissions, marine biogenic sources, and terrestrial biogenic sources. 1 In industry, DMS is emitted to the atmosphere from the incomplete combustion of coal and oil, synthetic fibers and resins, petroleum refining process, Kraft paper mills, synthetic polymer spinning, tannery process, and so on. 2,3 The olfactory detection threshold of DMS is ϳ0.001 ppm, fairly close to that of methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH) (0.002 ppm), ethyl mercaptan (C 2 H 5 SH) (0.001 ppm),

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Methane conversion by an air microwave plasma

Cited by 102 publications

References 44 publications

On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy

On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy

CO₂valorization by means of Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Deodorization of Dimethyl Sulfide Using a Discharge Approach at Room Temperature

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Methane conversion by an air microwave plasma

Cited by 102 publications

References 44 publications

On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy

On the Plasma Chemistry of an RF Discharge Containing Aluminium Tri‐Isopropoxide Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy

CO2valorization by means of Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Deodorization of Dimethyl Sulfide Using a Discharge Approach at Room Temperature

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Product

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CO₂valorization by means of Dielectric Barrier Discharge