Methane emissions from wetlands in the zone of discontinuous permafrost: Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada

Liblik, L. K.; Moore, Tim R.; Bubier, Jill L.; Robinson, Stephen D.

doi:10.1029/97gb01935

Cited by 102 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[19] Degradation and collapse of peats, which could affect future high northern latitude emissions [Liblick et al, 1997], are also not accounted for. Additionally, future methane emissions from wetlands may be strongly affected by human drainage and cultivation activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on methane emissions from wetlands

Shindell

Walter

Faluvegi

2004

Geophysical Research Letters

139

112

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[1] We have included climate-sensitive methane emissions from wetlands within the GISS climate model using a linear parameterization derived from a detailed process model. The geographic distribution of wetlands is also climatedependent. Doubled CO 2 simulations using this model show an increase in annual average wetland methane emissions from 156 to 277 Tg/yr, a rise of 78%. The bulk of this increase is due to enhanced emissions from existing tropical wetlands. Additionally, high northern latitude wetland areas expand and emissions nearly triple during Northern summer. The global increase represents $20% of presentday inventories. These large values indicate that the potential response of natural emissions to climate change merit greater study, and should be included in projections of future global warming and tropospheric pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on methane emissions from wetlands

Shindell

Walter

Faluvegi

2004

Geophysical Research Letters

139

112

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“…Soil that has been frozen for thousands of years still contains viable populations of methanotrophic bacteria (Rivkina et al, 2004). The flux of methane from peat soils to the atmosphere also depends on the location of the water table, which controls the thickness of the oxic zone (Bubier et al, 1995(Bubier et al, , 2005Liblik et al, 1997). If 20% of the peat reservoir converted to methane, released over 100 years, this would release 0.7 Gton C per year, doubling the atmospheric methane concentration.…”

Section: Land Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peat deposits are a substantial reservoir of carbon, are estimated to be 350-450 Gton C (Stockstad, 2004). With a thaw will come accelerated decomposition of this organic matter, increasing the flux of CO 2 and CH 4 (Liblik et al, 1997;Rivkina et al, 2000Rivkina et al, , 2004. Soil that has been frozen for thousands of years still contains viable populations of methanotrophic bacteria (Rivkina et al, 2004).…”

Section: Land Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change

2007

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Abstract. Methane frozen into hydrate makes up a large reservoir of potentially volatile carbon below the sea floor and associated with permafrost soils. This reservoir intuitively seems precarious, because hydrate ice floats in water, and melts at Earth surface conditions. The hydrate reservoir is so large that if 10% of the methane were released to the atmosphere within a few years, it would have an impact on the Earth's radiation budget equivalent to a factor of 10 increase in atmospheric CO 2 .Hydrates are releasing methane to the atmosphere today in response to anthropogenic warming, for example along the Arctic coastline of Siberia. However most of the hydrates are located at depths in soils and ocean sediments where anthropogenic warming and any possible methane release will take place over time scales of millennia. Individual catastrophic releases like landslides and pockmark explosions are too small to reach a sizable fraction of the hydrates. The carbon isotopic excursion at the end of the Paleocene has been interpreted as the release of thousands of Gton C, possibly from hydrates, but the time scale of the release appears to have been thousands of years, chronic rather than catastrophic.The potential climate impact in the coming century from hydrate methane release is speculative but could be comparable to climate feedbacks from the terrestrial biosphere and from peat, significant but not catastrophic. On geologic timescales, it is conceivable that hydrates could release as much carbon to the atmosphere/ocean system as we do by fossil fuel combustion.

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“…There are indications that high assimilation rates and low soil respiration due to waterlogging create conditions for net C sequestration [13]. Several studies suggested that collapsed areas are the greatest sinks of CO 2 in northern regions due to active sphagnum growth under conditions of constant supply of water, sunlight, and warmer conditions, while at the same time producing the greatest amounts of methane [20][21][22][23]. Carbon accumulation in these areas is conditioned by the presence of the high water table, which depends on the presence of permafrost in the surrounding areas that prevents water from draining away from the collapsed areas [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface CO2 Exchange Dynamics across a Climatic Gradient in McKenzie Valley: Effect of Landforms, Climate and Permafrost

Startsev

Bhatti

Jassal

2016

Forests

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Abstract:Northern regions are experiencing considerable climate change affecting the state of permafrost, peat accumulation rates, and the large pool of carbon (C) stored in soil, thereby emphasizing the importance of monitoring surface C fluxes in different landform sites along a climate gradient. We studied surface net C exchange (NCE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) across different landforms (upland, peat plateau, collapse scar) in mid-boreal to high subarctic ecoregions in the Mackenzie Valley of northwestern Canada for three years. NCE and ER were measured using automatic CO 2 chambers (ADC, Bioscientific LTD., Herts, England), and soil respiration (SR) was measured with solid state infrared CO 2 sensors (Carbocaps, Vaisala, Vantaa, Finland) using the concentration gradient technique. Both NCE and ER were primarily controlled by soil temperature in the upper horizons. In upland forest locations, ER varied from 583 to 214 g C·m −2 ·year −1 from mid-boreal to high subarctic zones, respectively. For the bog and peat plateau areas, ER was less than half that at the upland locations. Of SR, nearly 75% was generated in the upper 5 cm layer composed of live bryophytes and actively decomposing fibric material. Our results suggest that for the upland and bog locations, ER significantly exceeded NCE. Bryophyte NCE was greatest in continuously waterlogged collapsed areas and was negligible in other locations. Overall, upland forest sites were sources of CO 2 (from 64 g·C·m −2 ·year −1 in the high subarctic to 588 g C·m −2 ·year −1 in mid-boreal zone); collapsed areas were sinks of C, especially in high subarctic (from 27 g· C· m −2 year −1 in mid-boreal to 86 g·C·m −2 ·year −1 in high subarctic) and peat plateaus were minor sources (from 153 g· C· m −2 · year −1 in mid-boreal to 6 g·C·m −2 ·year −1 in high subarctic). The results are important in understanding how different landforms are responding to climate change and would be useful in modeling the effect of future climate change on the soil C balance in the northern regions.

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Methane emissions from wetlands in the zone of discontinuous permafrost: Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada

Cited by 102 publications

References 33 publications

Impacts of climate change on methane emissions from wetlands

Impacts of climate change on methane emissions from wetlands

Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change

Surface CO2 Exchange Dynamics across a Climatic Gradient in McKenzie Valley: Effect of Landforms, Climate and Permafrost

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