Methane Jet Penetration in a Direct-Injection Natural Gas Engine

Rubas, P. J.; Paul, M. A.; Martin, Glen C.; Coverdill, Robert E.; Lucht, Robert P.; Peters, James E.; DelVecchio, K.A.

doi:10.4271/980143

Cited by 37 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Also, their model results were compared to experimental data. Furthermore, gas injection experiments have been conducted by many researchers [16][17][18][19]. Visualization of gaseous fuel injection can be performed using a laser system because gas injection is invisible to the naked eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental study of gaseous fuel injection for CNG direct injection

Choi

Lee

Park

2015

Fuel

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental study of gaseous fuel injection for CNG direct injection

Choi

Lee

Park

2015

Fuel

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“…as discussed by Hill and Ouellette (1999) and Rubas et al (1998). Table 7 summarizes the normalized ignition kernel location data at fixed pre-combustion temperature and pressure (respectively 1300 K and 30 bar).…”

Section: Ignition Kernel Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrogen Addition on High-Pressure Nonpremixed Natural Gas Combustion

McTaggart-Cowan

Bushe

et al. 2010

Combustion Science and Technology

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The effects of hydrogen addition on the ignition and combustion of a high-pressure methane jet in a quiescent charge of high-temperature, medium-pressure air were investigated numerically and experimentally. Subsequently, the results of these two fundamental studies were applied to the interpretation of combustion and emissions measurements from a pilot-ignited natural gas engine fuelled with similar fuels. Whereas, under quiescent conditions, the influence of hydrogen addition on the auto-ignition delay time of the gaseous jet was small, a markedly greater effect was observed in the more complex environment of the research engine. Similarly, in the two fundamental studies, the addition of hydrogen to the methane fuel resulted in a reduction of NO x emissions, whereas increased levels of NO x emissions were observed from the engine, highlighting the difference between the auto-ignition and pilot-ignition process.Key Words: Non-premixed jet; methane; hydrogen; auto-ignition; pilot-ignition engine IntroductionNatural gas (NG) has long been considered one of the most promising alternative fuels for transportation applications. NG is inherently clean burning (compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel), is widely available, and is relatively inexpensive. Moreover, as NG is predominantly methane (CH 4 ), it has a low carbon/hydrogen ratio; emissions of CO 2 are thus significantly less than traditional liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrogen (H 2 ) is also receiving considerable attention as a potential transportation fuel, using either IC engines or other energy conversion technologies. Combining NG and H 2 as a fuel in a combustion system offers the potential to achieve significant near-term reductions in transport-related local air pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without requiring widespread deployment of a dedicated H 2 infrastructure. This study aims to provide fundamental understanding of non-premixed blended NG/H 2 combustion, and to apply this knowledge to understand the factors influencing the combustion process in a heavy-duty gaseous fuelled engine.Despite the benefits of gaseous fuelling of internal combustion engines, implementation remains problematic. Natural gas does not auto-ignite under the in-cylinder pressures and temperatures typically found in an internal combustion engine: accordingly, most currentgeneration NG engines are spark-ignited. While this method reliably ignites the gaseous fuel, the resultant engines suffer from efficiency penalties similar to those of typical gasoline-fuelled engines, including the need for throttling at part-load and retarded timing to avoid knock at full load. Furthermore, the low volumetric energy density of gaseous fuels means that, if the fuel is introduced into the air stream in the intake system (as opposed to in the cylinder), the displacement of air by the gaseous fuel significantly reduces full load power.Pilot ignition provides an attractive alternative to spark ignition for gaseous fuels.Combined with direct (in-cylinder) inje...

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“…as discussed by Hill and Ouellette [63] and Rubas et al [164]. To identify the location of ignition sites relative to the jet, ignition kernel location was also normalized by Zt, the jet length when ignition occurs.…”

Section: Flame Luminosity Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoignition and Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Direct Injection Compression Ignition Combustion

Wu¹,

Bushe²,

Davy³

2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Heavy-duty natural gas engines offer air pollution and energy diversity benefits. However, current homogeneous-charge lean-burn engines suffer from impaired efficiency and high unburned fuel emissions. Natural gas direct-injection engines offer the potential of diesel-like efficiencies, but require further research. To improve understanding of the autoignition and emission characteristics of natural gas direct-injection compressionignition combustion, the effects of key operating parameters (including injection pressure, injection duration, and pre-combustion temperature) and gaseous fuel composition (including the effects of ethane, hydrogen and nitrogen addition) were studied. An experimental investigation was carried out on a shock tube facility. Ignition delay, ignition kernel location, and NOx emissions were measured. The results indicated that the addition of ethane to the fuel resulted in a decrease in ignition delay and a significant increase in NOx emissions. The addition of hydrogen to the fuel resulted in a decrease in ignition delay and a significant decrease in NOx emissions. Diluting the fuel with nitrogen resulted in an increase in ignition delay and a significant decrease in NOx emissions.

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Methane Jet Penetration in a Direct-Injection Natural Gas Engine

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Numerical and experimental study of gaseous fuel injection for CNG direct injection

Numerical and experimental study of gaseous fuel injection for CNG direct injection

Effects of Hydrogen Addition on High-Pressure Nonpremixed Natural Gas Combustion

Autoignition and Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Direct Injection Compression Ignition Combustion

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