Controlling selectivity between competing
reaction pathways is
crucial in catalysis. Several approaches have been proposed to achieve
this goal in traditional heterogeneous catalysts including tuning
nanoparticle size, varying alloy composition, and controlling supporting
material. A less explored and promising research area to control reaction
selectivity is via the use of hybrid organic/inorganic catalysts.
These materials contain inorganic components which serve as sites
for chemical reactions and organic components which either provide
diffusional control or directly participate in the formation of active
site motifs. Despite the appealing potential of these hybrid materials
to increase reaction selectivity, there are significant challenges
to the rational design of such hybrid nanostructures. Structural and
mechanistic characterization of these materials play a key role in
understanding and, therefore, designing these organic/inorganic hybrid
catalysts. This Outlook highlights the design of hybrid organic/inorganic
catalysts with a brief overview of four different classes of materials
and discusses the practical catalytic properties and opportunities
emerging from such designs in the area of energy and environmental
transformations. Key structural and mechanistic characterization studies
are identified to provide fundamental insight into the atomic structure
and catalytic behavior of hybrid organic/inorganic catalysts. Exemplary
works are used to show how specific active site motifs allow for remarkable
changes in the reaction selectivity. Finally, to demonstrate the potential
of hybrid catalyst materials, we suggest a characterization-based
approach toward the design of biomimetic hybrid organic/inorganic
materials for a specific application in the energy and environmental
research space: the conversion of methane into methanol.