Methane oxidation in the soil surface layer of a flooded rice field and the effect of ammonium

Conrad, Ralf; Rothfuß, Franz

doi:10.1007/bf00369384

Cited by 279 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…Soil cores that were taken from flooded Italian paddy fields and incubated under anoxic conditions showed similar CH, fluxes 157 t 108 nmol CH, cm-* day-' (Conrad and Rothfuss, 1991). The increase of the CH, flux with the amount of soil is in agreement with the assumption that only the deeper soil layers were anoxic and methanogenic.…”

Section: Methane [Umisupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The CH4 gradient between 2 mm depth and the surface was so small that the resulting diffusive CH, fluxes could not be determined. Soil cores that were taken from flooded Italian paddy fields and incubated under oxic conditions also showed CH4 fluxes that were often only 3% of those measured under anoxic conditions (Conrad and Rothfuss, 1991). Since there is a sharp bend in the vertical profiles between 2 and 3 mm depth most of the methanotrophic activity must be concentrated in a layer much thinner than 1 mm.…”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The transition from the oxic surface layer to the anoxic zones in deeper layers makes the rice paddy soil an interesting object for such studies. Methane which is produced in the deeper anoxic soil layers diffuses upwards to the oxic soil-water interface where a large percentage (up to 97%) of the CH4 is oxidized and thus does not escape into the atmosphere (Conrad and Rothfuss, 1991). The measurement of CH4 concentration gradients across these zones requires a high spatial resolution, since the oxic surface layer is usually very shallow (~2-3 mm; Frenzel et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combination of photoacoustic detector with gas diffusion probes for the measurement of methane concentration gradients in submerged paddy soil

Rothfuß¹,

Bijnen²,

Conrad³

et al. 1997

Atmospheric Environment

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Dissolved methane was monitored by means of a diffusion probe in combination with a photoacoustic (PA) detector cell placed in the cavity of a liquid nitrogen-cooled CO laser. The detection limit of the photoacoustic detector was 1 ppbv methane (= 2 uM in aqueous solution), the time response was 60 s, the spatial resolution was 1.36 mm. These limits were determined by the acoustic noise and the configuration of the diffusion probe. The combination of PA detector with gas diffusion probes was found to be useful for monitoring gaseous compounds. However, the membrane material of the diffusion probe was critical. Silicone as membrane material was useful only for measurement of CH4. Goretex as membrane material was applicable to measurement of dimethylsulfide (DMS), but did not give a stable signal for trimethylamine (TMA).Vertical concentration profiles of CH4 in anoxic paddy soil agreed well with earlier results obtained with a gas chromatograph as detector. Methane was produced in anoxic soil layers below 8-l 0 mm depth and diffused upwards to the surface through a layer of CH4-consuming bacteria situated at about 2 mm depth. In the oxic upper 2 mm soil layer the concentration of CH4 decreased below the detection limit of our system. Methane-containing gas bubbles that were embedded in the soil were detected by a steep increase of the CH4 signal. The combination of PA detector and gas diffusion probe was found to be a useful tool to measure CH4 gradients in submerged soil or sediment with high temporal and spatial resolution, thus allowing the localization and quantification of CH4 production and CH4 oxidation rates within the soil profile.

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Section: Methane [Umisupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combination of photoacoustic detector with gas diffusion probes for the measurement of methane concentration gradients in submerged paddy soil

Rothfuß¹,

Bijnen²,

Conrad³

et al. 1997

Atmospheric Environment

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“…In flooded soils and sediments, these interfaces are located at the soil surface and in the rhizosphere of macrophytes when present (Bosse and Frenzel, 1997;Bodelier et al, 2006). Rhizospheric MOB in both paddy fields and natural wetlands have been often studied (Calhoun and King, 1997;Eller and Frenzel, 2001;Sorrell et al, 2002;Shrestha et al, 2008;Vishwakarma et al, 2009), but work at the soil surface has been mainly focused on process measurements (Conrad and Rothfuss, 1991;Frenzel et al, 1992;Bosse et al, 1993). The soil surface is characterized by sharp counter-gradients of oxidized and reduced species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One millimetre makes the difference: high-resolution analysis of methane-oxidizing bacteria and their specific activity at the oxic–anoxic interface in a flooded paddy soil

et al. 2012

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Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) use a restricted substrate range, yet >30 species-equivalent operational taxonomical units (OTUs) are found in one paddy soil. How these OTUs physically share their microhabitat is unknown. Here we highly resolved the vertical distribution of MOB and their activity. Using microcosms and cryosectioning, we sub-sampled the top 3-mm of a water-saturated soil at near in situ conditions in 100-μm steps. We assessed the community structure and activity using the particulate methane monooxygenase gene pmoA as a functional and phylogenetic marker by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP), a pmoA-specific diagnostic microarray, and cloning and sequencing. pmoA genes and transcripts were quantified using competitive reverse transcriptase PCR combined with t-RFLP. Only a subset of the methanotroph community was active. Oxygen microprofiles showed that 89% of total respiration was confined to a 0.67-mm-thick zone immediately above the oxic–anoxic interface, most probably driven by methane oxidation. In this zone, a Methylobacter-affiliated OTU was highly active with up to 18 pmoA transcripts per cell and seemed to be adapted to oxygen and methane concentrations in the micromolar range. Analysis of transcripts with a pmoA-specific microarray found a Methylosarcina-affiliated OTU associated with the surface zone. High oxygen but only nanomolar methane concentrations at the surface suggested an adaptation of this OTU to oligotrophic conditions. No transcripts of type II methanotrophs (Methylosinus, Methylocystis) were found, which indicated that this group was represented by resting stages only. Hence, different OTUs within a single guild shared the same microenvironment and exploited different niches.

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“…It is therefore necessary to explore a much more effective mitigation method following a better understanding of the processes involved Ž in methane emission from rice fields Neue and . Roger, 1993 . In rice fields oxic᎐anoxic interfaces are found at the floodwater᎐soil interface and in the rice root rhizosphere, and greater potential for methane oxidation always appears at the two in-Ž terfaces Conrad and Rothfuss, 1991;Denier Van . der Gon and Neue, 1996;Xu and Zhou, 1999 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane emission from a simulated rice field ecosystem as influenced by hydroquinone and dicyandiamide

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2000

Science of The Total Environment

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A simple apparatus for collecting methane emission from a simulated rice field ecosystem was formed. With no Ž . wheat straw powder amended all treatments with inhibitor s had so much lower methane emission during rice Ž . growth than the treatment with urea alone control , which was contrary to methane emission from the cut rice᎐soil Ž . Ž . system. Especially for treatments with dicyandiamide DCD and with DCD plus hydroquinone HQ , the total amount of methane emission from the soil system and intact rice᎐soil system was 68.25᎐46.64% and 46.89᎐41.78% of the control, respectively. Hence, DCD, especially in combination with HQ, not only increased methane oxidation in the floodwater᎐soil interface following application of urea, but also significantly enhanced methane oxidation in rice root rhizosphere, particularly from its tillering to booting stage. Wheat straw powder incorporated into flooded surface layer soil significantly weakened the above-mentioned simulating effects. Regression analysis indicated that methane emission from the rice field ecosystem was related to the turnover of ammonium-N in flooded surface layer soil. Diminishing methane emissions from the rice field ecosystem was significantly beneficial to the growth of rice. ᮊ 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Methane oxidation in the soil surface layer of a flooded rice field and the effect of ammonium

Cited by 279 publications

References 21 publications

Combination of photoacoustic detector with gas diffusion probes for the measurement of methane concentration gradients in submerged paddy soil

Combination of photoacoustic detector with gas diffusion probes for the measurement of methane concentration gradients in submerged paddy soil

One millimetre makes the difference: high-resolution analysis of methane-oxidizing bacteria and their specific activity at the oxic–anoxic interface in a flooded paddy soil

Methane emission from a simulated rice field ecosystem as influenced by hydroquinone and dicyandiamide

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