Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway

Huang, Xin; Li, Xuan; Xue, Yarong; Pan, Bo; Xiao, Lei; Wang, Shuijuan; Lever, Mark A.; Hinrichs, Kai−Uwe; Inagaki, Fumio; Liu, Changhong

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01700-22

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Before the studies by [17] and [18], which found that saprotrophic fungi directly produce CH4 under aerobic conditions without the presence of methanogenic archaea, it was assumed that fungi initiated the decomposition process by breaking down macromolecules, like those in wood, thereby providing the precursor compounds for CH4 production by methanogenic archaea in anoxic microsites (e.g., [20][21][22][23]). Another CH4 producing pathway, involving facultative anaerobic fungi and a halomethane dependent pathway, was identified by [24], where CH4 formation correlated with the formation of chloromethane (CH3Cl), as previously reported by [25]. These authors further highlight, that the function of the enzymes involved in the halomethane dependent CH4 formation pathway are independent of O2 and thus might also be involved in observed fungal CH4 production by [17] and [18].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…While the exact mechanism of CH4 formation by these fungi remains elusive, initial evidence by [17], which identified methionine as a precursor of fungal CH4, suggests that the universal CH4 formation mechanism proposed by [10] involving Fenton chemistry with methylated compounds and ROS likely represents a significant contributor to the observed CH4 formation. Nonetheless, the potential involvement of other mechanisms, such as the halomethanedependent pathway reported by [24], cannot be ruled out. Although demonstrated under anaerobic conditions, the activity of the relevant enzymes for this mechanism also persists under aerobic conditions, presenting another possible CH4 formation mechanism that warrants future investigation, particularly under aerobic conditions.…”

Section: Dependence Of Fungal Ch4 Formation On O2 Levelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Fungal Methane Production Controlled by Oxygen Levels and Temperature

Schroll,

Lenhart,

Bender

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Saprotrophic fungi are key in global carbon cycling, capable of decomposing lignocellulose in wood. This study, for the first time, explores the influence of oxygen (O2) and temperature on methane (CH4) production by two fungi, Laetiporus sulphureus and Pleurotus sapidus. We examined CH4 formation under varying O2 levels (0 to 98%) and temperatures (17, 27, and 40 °C) when the fungi grew on pine wood, beech wood, and grass under sterile conditions. Our findings reveal a strong dependency of fungal CH4 production on O2 mixing ratios. Methane formation was highest when O2 levels exceeded 5%, whilst no CH4 formation was observed after complete O2 consumption by the fungi. Reintroducing O2 immediately resumed fungal CH4 production. When CH4 formation was normalized to O2 consumption (CH4_norm) a different pattern between species was observed. L. sulphureus showed higher CH4_norm rates with higher O2 levels, whereas P. sapidus showed elevated rates between 0-5% O2. Temperature also significantly influenced CH4 and CH4_norm rates, with the highest production at 27 °C, and comparatively lower rates at 17 and 40 °C. These results demonstrate that O2 levels and temperature are critical in controlling fungal CH4 emissions, a consideration necessary for future CH4 source predictions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Dependence Of Fungal Ch4 Formation On O2 Levelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fungal Methane Production Controlled by Oxygen Levels and Temperature

Schroll,

Lenhart,

Bender

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…enzymes for this mechanism also persists under aerobic conditions, presenting another possible CH4 formation mechanism that warrants future investigation, particularly under aerobic conditions. (upper part) and Huang et al [24] (lower part). The upper part illustrates the mechanisms proposed for CH4 formation driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living systems, which involves the production of methyl radicals via Fenton chemistry from methylated compounds.…”

Section: Dependence Of Fungal Ch 4 Formation On O 2 Levelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Before the studies by Lenhart et al [17] and Schroll et al [18], which found that saprotrophic fungi directly produce CH 4 under aerobic conditions without the presence of methanogenic archaea, it was assumed that fungi initiated the decomposition process by breaking down macromolecules, like those in wood, thereby providing the precursor compounds for CH 4 production through methanogenic archaea in anoxic microsites (e.g., [20][21][22][23]). Another CH 4 -producing pathway involving facultative anaerobic fungi and a halomethane-dependent pathway was identified by Huang et al [24], where CH 4 formation correlated with the formation of chloromethane (CH 3 Cl), as previously reported by McNally et al [25]. These authors further highlighted that the function of the enzymes involved in the halomethane-dependent CH 4 formation pathway is independent of O 2 and thus might also be involved in the observed fungal CH 4 production by Lenhart et al [17] and Schroll et al [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fungal Methane Production Controlled by Oxygen Levels and Temperature

Schroll,

Lenhart,

Bender

et al. 2024

Methane

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Saprotrophic fungi, key players in global carbon cycling, have been identified as methane (CH4) sources not yet accounted for in the global CH4 budget. This study, for the first time, explores the influence of oxygen (O2) and temperature on CH4 production by two fungi, Laetiporus sulphureus and Pleurotus sapidus. To explore the relationship between these parameters and fungal CH4 formation, we examined CH4 formation under varying O2 levels (0 to 98%) and temperatures (17, 27, and 40 °C) during fungal growth on pine wood, beech wood, and grass under sterile conditions. Our findings show that fungal CH4 formation strongly depends on O2 levels. Methane formation was highest when O2 levels exceeded 5%, whilst no CH4 formation was observed after complete O2 consumption. Reintroducing O2 immediately resumed fungal CH4 production. Methane formation normalized to O2 consumption (CH4_norm) showed a different pattern. L. sulphureus showed higher CH4_norm rates with higher O2 levels, whereas P. sapidus showed elevated rates between 0 and 5%. Temperature also significantly influenced CH4 and CH4_norm rates, with the highest production at 27 °C, and comparatively lower rates at 17 and 40 °C. These findings demonstrate the importance of O2 levels and temperature in fungal CH4 emissions, which are essential for refining CH4 source predictions.

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“…Additionally, S. commune possesses special energy generation processes through ethanol fermentation and amino acid metabolism, as well as an increase in mitochondrial number [ 12 , 13 ]. It also has complex nitrogen conversion mechanisms under anaerobic conditions and the ability to degrade difficult-to-degrade macromolecules such as lignite, resulting in the production of methane and extracellular polysaccharides [ 14 – 16 ]. Simonato et al reported that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can modify its membrane composition to tolerate high hydrostatic pressure [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into Penicillium chrysogenum adaptation to subseafloor sedimentary environments

Liu,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Penicillium chrysogenum is a filamentous fungal species with diverse habitats, yet little is known about its genetics in adapting to extreme subseafloor sedimental environments. Results Here, we report the discovery of P. chrysogenum strain 28R-6-F01, isolated from deep coal-bearing sediments 2306 m beneath the seafloor. This strain possesses exceptional characteristics, including the ability to thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperature (45 °C), high pressure (35 Mpa), and anaerobic environments, and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, producing the antibiotic penicillin at a concentration of 358 μg/mL. Genome sequencing and assembly revealed a genome size of 33.19 Mb with a GC content of 48.84%, containing 6959 coding genes. Comparative analysis with eight terrestrial strains identified 88 unique genes primarily associated with penicillin and aflatoxins biosynthesis, carbohydrate degradation, viral resistance, and three secondary metabolism gene clusters. Furthermore, significant expansions in gene families related to DNA repair were observed, likely linked to the strain’s adaptation to its environmental niche. Conclusions Our findings provide insights into the genomic and biological characteristics of P. chrysogenum adaptation to extreme anaerobic subseafloor sedimentary environments, such as high temperature and pressure.

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Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway

Cited by 13 publications

References 78 publications

Fungal Methane Production Controlled by Oxygen Levels and Temperature

Fungal Methane Production Controlled by Oxygen Levels and Temperature

Fungal Methane Production Controlled by Oxygen Levels and Temperature

Genomic insights into Penicillium chrysogenum adaptation to subseafloor sedimentary environments

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