Methane Sensor for Mars

Mathew, K.; Sarkar, Subham; Srinivas, A. R.; Dutta, Moumita; Rohit, Minal x Minal; Seth, Harish; Kumaran, Rajiv; Pandya, Kshitij; Kumar, Ankush; Sharma, J. M.; Desai, Jalshri; Patel, Amul; Patel, V.; Shukla, Piyush Kumar; Moorthi, S. Manthira; Singh, Aravind K.; Gupta, Ashutosh; Rathi, Jaya; Babu, P. Narayana; Kuriakose, Saji A.; Samudraiah, D. R. M.; Kumar, A. S. Kiran

doi:10.18520/cs/v109/i6/1087-1096

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The primary scientific goal of MOM is to explore the morphology, topography and mineralogy of surface features, and analyse the atmosphere using the indigenously developed instruments (Arunan and Satish, 2015). The MOM's payload includes a Mars Colour Camera (MCC) for optical imaging (Arya et al, 2015), a Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS) for surface temperature estimation and mapping composition and mineralogy (Singh et al, 2015), a Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) to measure in-situ composition of the low-altitude neutral exosphere and its radial distribution (Singh et al, 2015), a Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP) to determine the deuterium-to-hydrogen abundance ratio of the upper atmosphere (Sridhar et al, 2015), and a Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) to measure total column of methane in the atmosphere (Mathew et al, 2015).…”

Section: Mars Orbiter Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large and highly elliptical orbit of the MOM (261 km Perihelion to 78 000 km Apoareion) has enabled the MCC to image the far-side of Mars' moon Deimos for the first time after more than three decades (Mathew et al, 2015). Subsequent analysis of the temporal and on-demand stereo images of the MCC led to the study of haze variability inside Valles Marineris and estimation of the optical depth of the martian atmosphere over the northern and southern walls of the valley (Mishra et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mars Orbiter Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mars: new insights and unresolved questions

Changela

Chatzitheodoridis

Antunes

et al. 2021

International Journal of Astrobiology

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Mars exploration motivates the search for extraterrestrial life, the development of space technologies, and the design of human missions and habitations. Here, we seek new insights and pose unresolved questions relating to the natural history of Mars, habitability, robotic and human exploration, planetary protection, and the impacts on human society. Key observations and findings include: – high escape rates of early Mars' atmosphere, including loss of water, impact present-day habitability; – putative fossils on Mars will likely be ambiguous biomarkers for life; – microbial contamination resulting from human habitation is unavoidable; and – based on Mars' current planetary protection category, robotic payload(s) should characterize the local martian environment for any life-forms prior to human habitation. Some of the outstanding questions are: – which interpretation of the hemispheric dichotomy of the planet is correct; – to what degree did deep-penetrating faults transport subsurface liquids to Mars' surface; – in what abundance are carbonates formed by atmospheric processes; – what properties of martian meteorites could be used to constrain their source locations; – the origin(s) of organic macromolecules; – was/is Mars inhabited; – how can missions designed to uncover microbial activity in the subsurface eliminate potential false positives caused by microbial contaminants from Earth; – how can we ensure that humans and microbes form a stable and benign biosphere; and – should humans relate to putative extraterrestrial life from a biocentric viewpoint (preservation of all biology), or anthropocentric viewpoint of expanding habitation of space? Studies of Mars' evolution can shed light on the habitability of extrasolar planets. In addition, Mars exploration can drive future policy developments and confirm (or put into question) the feasibility and/or extent of human habitability of space.

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Section: Mars Orbiter Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mars Orbiter Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars: new insights and unresolved questions

Changela

Chatzitheodoridis

Antunes

et al. 2021

International Journal of Astrobiology

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“…The primary objectives of the mission were capturing surface features of Mars, atmospheric remote sensing measurements, information about the volatile gases escaping the atmosphere and effects of radiation on the Martian atmosphere and available volatiles. One of the major roles of MOM was to detect the traces of methane (with the precision of parts per billion) in the Martian atmosphere with the help of its Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) 72 . Methane being a biosignature, any possible detection of methane would play a crucial role in providing clues about the presence of life on Mars.…”

Section: C23 Mangalyaan Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrobiology as a Driver to Connect India's Public, Scientists, and Space Missions

et al. 2022

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Astrobiology is an emerging and interdisciplinary scientific field that aims to study and understand life in the universe, with research topics including the origin of life and the feasibility of life existing and being detected elsewhere in the universe. In this article, we highlight the critical role that astrobiology plays towards inspiring students and the general public towards space exploration. The cross-disciplinary nature of the field brings together scientists from various backgrounds, breaking down silos that exist in today's scientific community in India. Finally, astrobiology has continuously played a pivotal role in shaping outer space exploration programs and will be an important scientific area of development for the Indian Space Research Organization as well. The formation of the (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre) IN-SPACe body and the emerging New Space ecosystem in India are discussed, as they offer unique opportunities to bring down the cost, time and programmatic challenges traditionally faced by Astrobiology missions.

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“…The Indian Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) also has a Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM). 29 For such global remote sensing of trace gases through satellites, the selection of spectral range and resolution are the most crucial concern for both the user and designer of the instrument. To this end, the present work focuses on the 1.66 mm band of CH 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative transfer modeling of atmospheric methane for satellite measurements in the 1.66 micron spectral window

Prasad

Rastogi

Singh

2018

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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Atmospheric methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and has significant impact on the atmosphere and climate. Continuous estimation and prediction of atmospheric CH 4 concentrations is important for understanding the associated global climate change. To constrain suitable spectral window and detector resolutions for satellite instruments, spectral simulations have been performed considering tropical atmospheric conditions. The study is focused on the 1.66 micron spectral region having CH 4 bands that are suitable for its detection and estimation. Both CH 4 concentration and spectral resolution are varied to identify optimum spectral resolution limit. The R branch peak at 1.6456 mm is found to be the most sensitive and suitable for CH 4 estimation. A concentration retrieval scheme is proposed and it is interpreted that the spectral resolution should not be worse than 0.2 nm.

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Methane Sensor for Mars

Cited by 3 publications

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Mars: new insights and unresolved questions

Mars: new insights and unresolved questions

Astrobiology as a Driver to Connect India's Public, Scientists, and Space Missions

Radiative transfer modeling of atmospheric methane for satellite measurements in the 1.66 micron spectral window

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