Methanogenic degradation of four phenolic compounds

Young, L. Y.; Rivera, Maria D.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(85)90189-7

Cited by 123 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Resorcinol and catechol were utilised after a lag of 4 and 8 days. This indicates that the enzyme system for phenol degradation is constitutive in catechol reactor, or phenol may be an intermediate compound in catechol degradation which is supported by the studies of Balba and Evans and others [10,11]. This result further shows that anaerobic degradation pathway for aromatics is different from aerobic system wherein catechol is an intermediate in phenol metabolism whereas phenol does not ®gure in the aerobic degradation of catechol.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Substrate-substrate interaction of resorcinol and catechol in upflow anaerobic fixed film – fixed bed reactors in mono and multisubstrate matrices

Swaminathan

Chakrabarti

Subrahmanyam³

1999

Bioprocess Engineering

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Biodegradation of resorcinol and catechol was studied in up¯ow anaerobic ®xed ®lm-®xed bed (FFFB) reactors of uniform dimensions in mono and multisubstrate matrices. Cross feeding studies have revealed that phenol was poorly degraded in resorcinol acclimated reactor whereas it was readily degraded in catechol acclimated reactor. Addition of resorcinol along with phenol in a COD ratio 1:3 in resorcinol reactor increased phenol removal ef®ciency to 95% indicating that resorcinol induces phenol degradation. When both resorcinol and catechol were fed to the resorcinol acclimated reactor, it was observed that resorcinol degradation was inhibited by catechol. Catechol acclimated reactor could degrade phenol readily when added as mono substrate indicating that it may be an intermediate in catechol degradation. In binary mixture studies also catechol reactor could degrade phenol, resorcinol and hydroquinone to 90%. Catechol acclimated reactor exhibits relaxed substrate speci®city whereas resorcinol acclimated reactor exhibits rigid substrate speci®city for phenol as well as other isomers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Substrate-substrate interaction of resorcinol and catechol in upflow anaerobic fixed film – fixed bed reactors in mono and multisubstrate matrices

Swaminathan

Chakrabarti

Subrahmanyam³

1999

Bioprocess Engineering

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“…Anaerobic degradation of catechol, resorcinol and phenol by a phenoI-acclimated culture (n = 65): A, phenol (150 mg/1) + catechot and resorcinol; m, catechol (60 rag/l); O, resorcinol (60 mg/1); /x, phenol (150 mg/l) alone mixture t o o k longer t h a n when it was the sole c a r b o n source. A p p a r e n t l y the other two d i h y d r o x y p h e n o l s are first d e g r a d e d to phenol (Young and Rivera 1985) thus increasing the net a m o u n t o f p h e n o l in the mixture. The cross-acclimation was feasible p r o b a b l y because of the similar a r o m a t i c nucleus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic degradation of phenol using an acclimated mixed culture

Satsangee¹,

Ghosh²

1990

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Anaerobic methanogenesis of phenol using mixed cultures derived from cow dung and municipal sewage sludge and adapted to phenol was done in batch reactors. The phenol degradation rate depended on the period in which the culture was acclimated to phenol. Interference in phenol uptake by glucose was observed. Consumption of both phenol and acetic acid was observed when an acetate-adapted culure was used. A phenol-acclimated culture was able to degrade dihydroxy phenols thus indicating the feasibility of cross-acclimation.

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“…These chemicals are known to be inhibitors for the growth of microorganisms in biological treatment processes and are regarded as priority pollutants on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency list (19,38). Phenol has long been known to be degraded anaerobically in the methanogenic environment (20,43). Methanogenic degradation of phenol is significant considering the wastewater treatment processes of industrial waste chemicals and biogeochemistry of naturally occurring phenolic compounds in deep subsurface environments, such as an oil reservoir.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultured Anaerobe Capable of Degrading Phenol to Acetate in Obligate Syntrophic Associations with a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen

Qiu

Hanada

Ohashi

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

230

136

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Phenol degradation under methanogenic conditions has long been studied, but the anaerobes responsible for the degradation reaction are still largely unknown. An anaerobe, designated strain UI T , was isolated in a pure syntrophic culture. This isolate is the first tangible, obligately anaerobic, syntrophic substrate-degrading organism capable of oxidizing phenol in association with an H 2 -scavenging methanogen partner. Besides phenol, it could metabolize p-cresol, 4-hydroxybenzoate, isophthalate, and benzoate. During the degradation of phenol, a small amount of 4-hydroxybenzoate (a maximum of 4 M) and benzoate (a maximum of 11 M) were formed as transient intermediates. When 4-hydroxybenzoate was used as the substrate, phenol (maximum, 20 M) and benzoate (maximum, 92 M) were detected as intermediates, which were then further degraded to acetate and methane by the coculture. No substrates were found to support the fermentative growth of strain UI T in pure culture, although 88 different substrates were tested for growth. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain UI T belongs to an uncultured clone cluster (group TA) at the family (or order) level in the class Deltaproteobacteria. Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for strain UI T , and the novel family Syntrophorhabdaceae fam. nov. is described. Peripheral 16S rRNA gene sequences in the databases indicated that the proposed new family Syntrophorhabdaceae is largely represented by abundant bacteria within anaerobic ecosystems mainly decomposing aromatic compounds.Phenols and phthalate isomers are among the most widely used chemicals and are often found in industrial wastewaters in abundance. These chemicals are known to be inhibitors for the growth of microorganisms in biological treatment processes and are regarded as priority pollutants on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency list (19,38). Phenol has long been known to be degraded anaerobically in the methanogenic environment (20, 43). Methanogenic degradation of phenol is significant considering the wastewater treatment processes of industrial waste chemicals and biogeochemistry of naturally occurring phenolic compounds in deep subsurface environments, such as an oil reservoir. However, despite the tremendous effort to search for phenol degraders in such environments, only a few examples are known. To date, only one species, Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus, has been isolated and characterized as an anaerobe able to metabolize phenol under methanogenic conditions (16). The organism is an anaerobic bacterium that can transform phenol into benzoate in the presence of as-yet-unidentified electron donors. However, no organisms that are genuinely capable of utilizing phenol as the sole energy source under methanogenic conditions have been isolated so far.Recently, the enrichment and identification of mesophilic phthalate isomer-degrading bacteria from methanogenic sludges treating wastewater from the manufacture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids were reported (29). Thro...

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Methanogenic degradation of four phenolic compounds

Cited by 123 publications

References 25 publications

Substrate-substrate interaction of resorcinol and catechol in upflow anaerobic fixed film – fixed bed reactors in mono and multisubstrate matrices

Substrate-substrate interaction of resorcinol and catechol in upflow anaerobic fixed film – fixed bed reactors in mono and multisubstrate matrices

Anaerobic degradation of phenol using an acclimated mixed culture

Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultured Anaerobe Capable of Degrading Phenol to Acetate in Obligate Syntrophic Associations with a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen

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