Methanol and wet ethanol as interchangeable fuels for internal combustion engines: LCA, TEA, and experimental comparison

Gainey, Brian; Yan, Zeng; Gandolfo, John; Lawler, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126257

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is probably the case that maritime applications that require more power and autonomy do not have to take into account fuel cells but consider a type of combustion engine that exploits fuels such as hydrogen or methanol, which can be produced with renewable processes. New types of internal combustion engines that exploit these new types of fuel were developed in [104,105]. Applications that require internal combustion engines require the possibility of stocking hydrogen in the safest manner.…”

Section: Sensor Application For Green Propulsion Plants Of Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Briguglio,

Crupi

2024

JMSE

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The increasingly stringent requirements—in terms of limiting pollutants and the constant need to make maritime transport safer—generated the necessity to foresee different solutions that are original. According to the European Maritime Safety Agency, the total number of reported marine casualties and incidents is 21.173 over the period 2014–2021, with a yearly average of 2.647 casualties and incidents. According to the same source, 495 cases of pollution were reported in the period from 2014 to 2021. Marine pollution by ships’ fuel and other pollutants is linked to 64.2% of all pollution. It is mandatory to offer a new kind of ship that can exploit new technologies to increase safety for people and onboard goods. It has been found that existing marine structures for maritime mobility do not have essential sensors for avoiding emergency situations such as flooding, oil spills, or health situations requiring efficient monitoring. In addition, there is a lack of legislation defining the insertion of unmanned vehicles into the actual marine infrastructure. This review highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of sensors in the maritime sector, intensifying areas of improvement for future challenges, such as sensor energy efficiency, data processing, sensor fusion methodologies, and accurate sea state description with environmental monitoring by means of unmanned vehicles.

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Section: Sensor Application For Green Propulsion Plants Of Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Briguglio,

Crupi

2024

JMSE

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“…In Brazil, flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can also use 100% ethanol (E100) as fuel, which has led to FFVs accounting for over 90% of new car sales and around half of the country's light vehicle fleet. In 2014, the transportation sector was responsible for 32.5% of energy consumption and 46.3% of greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil, and it has experienced the highest growth rate in energy consumption (4.42% per year between 2002 and 2012) [3,38].…”

Section: Alcohol Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Sources of Energy in Transport: A Review

Pustějovská,

Janovská,

Jursová

2023

Processes

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Alternative sour2ces of energy are on the rise primarily because of environmental concerns, in addition to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Currently, there are many alternatives, approaches, and attempts to introduce alternative energy sources in the field of transport. This article centers around the need to explore additional energy sources beyond the current ones in use. It delves into individual energy sources that can be utilized for transportation, including their properties, production methods, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with their use across different types of drives. The article not only examines the situation in the Czech Republic but also in other nations. In addition to addressing future mobility, the thesis also considers how the utilization of new energy sources may impact the environment.

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“…[8], US, Canada, India, and other countries in Africa and Latin America. On the other hand, with these advantages, some shortcomings need to be considered to be improved through future research such as separation between the two fuels [9], high cycle-to-cycle variation 2 [10,11], Water Content [12,13], lower LHV [13], and corrosion [14][15][16]. Hence there is a need for adjustments to the machine to make it more optimal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Lean Combustion Cycle Stability and Emissions in Spark Ignition Engines with Gasoline, Ethanol, and Methanol Blends

Agama,

Sugiarto,

Mokhtar

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Fuels for vehicles account for a large portion of the world’s total energy demand, which in turn leads to increased carbon emissions. Ethanol and methanol are a fuel with a simple carbon chain and OH- bonds. It has similar properties to gasoline, and ethanol can be made from the fermentation of plant carbohydrates, called bioethanol. The advantage of using bioethanol is that it contributes to carbon neutrality. This paper will investigate the use of three manually blended gasoline ethanol and methanol (GEM) fuels in a spark ignition engine to address cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV), knock potential, and emissions with lean blend conditions. In the experiments conducted, the air-fuel ratio was conditioned lean by utilizing an electronic control unit to adjust the injector spray duration. This experiment provides results that there is a potential for mild knocking on the use of alcohol fuel with lean fuel mixture conditions at engine speed 4000 RPM, while at engine speed 6000 RPM and 8000 RPM the use of GEM tends to be stable, but in the CCV results the increase in COV (coefficient of variation) value using GEM fuel tends to be more sloping, especially with the addition of more methanol. Emission results from the use of GEM produce top emission CO2 value obtained by the E5M15 mixture at λ=1.2 and an engine speed of 8000 RPM, with a value of 13.75% and then peak CO2 emissions at a value of λ = 1.2 whereas in the use of pure gasoline peak CO2 is at a value of λ = 1.1.

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Methanol and wet ethanol as interchangeable fuels for internal combustion engines: LCA, TEA, and experimental comparison

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Alternative Sources of Energy in Transport: A Review

Evaluating Lean Combustion Cycle Stability and Emissions in Spark Ignition Engines with Gasoline, Ethanol, and Methanol Blends

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