Methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice: involvement of antidopaminergic mechanism

Vijeepallam, Kamini; Pandy, Vijayapandi; Murugan, Dharmani Devi; Naidu, Murali

doi:10.1007/s11011-019-00477-2

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Baclofen pretreatment prevented the acquisition and expression of MG-induced CPP (Yusoff et al, 2018). CPP was achieved in mice with a high dose methanolic extract of kratom leaves (Vijeepallam et al, 2019). In a fourth study (see also Factor 2), lyophilized (freeze-dried) kratom tea (LKT), a potential treatment for pain and opioid dependence, did not induce CPP in mice (Wilson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Conditioned Place Preferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor 1: Actual or relative potential for abuse Intravenous Self-Administration (IV SA) (Prozialeck et al, 2019), (Grundmann et al, 2018;Yue et al, 2018;Coe et al, 2019;Hemby et al, 2019;Garcia-Romeu et al, 2020) No evidence of reward MG pretreatment reduced morphine self-administration Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) (Negus andMiller, 2014)-(Behnood-Rod et al, 2020) No evidence of reward for MG or 7-OH-MG Drug Discrimination (Hiranita et al, 2020;Reeve et al, 2020;Obeng et al, 2021) MG showed partial generalization to multiple drugs, including morphine Strongest generalization of MG was to unscheduled drugs: phenylephrine and lofexidine 7-OH-MG showed full generalization to morphine Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) (Yusoff et al, 2018;Vijeepallam et al, 2019;Wilson et al, 2020;Japarin et al, 2021) Mixed evidence of CPP Physical Dependence/ Withdrawal (Harun et al, 2020;Hassan et al, 2020;Johari et al, 2021;Hassan et al, 20211778;Harun et al, 2021a) Mixed evidence of weak withdrawal across studies relative to morphine MG reduces morphine withdrawal and differs from morphine withdrawal on some measures Survey Data (Prozialeck et al, 2019), (Grundmann et al, 2018;Coe et al, 2019;Garcia-Romeu et al, 2020), (Singh et al, 2014;Galbis-Reig, 2016;Swogger and Walsh, 2018;Smith et al, 2019; (Prozialeck et al, 2019), (Behnood-Rod et al, 2020), (Hassan et al, 2019;Hiranita et al, 2019;Kruegel et al, 2019;…”

Section: Factor/description Citations Main Findings Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kratom Abuse Potential 2021: An Updated Eight Factor Analysis

Henningfield¹,

Wang²,

Huestis³

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Drugs are regulated in the United States (US) by the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) if assessment of their abuse potential, including public health risks, show such control is warranted. An evaluation via the 8 factors of the CSA provides the comprehensive assessment required for permanent listing of new chemical entities and previously uncontrolled substances. Such an assessment was published for two kratom alkaloids in 2018 that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have identified as candidates for CSA listing: mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH-MG) (Henningfield et al., 2018a). That assessment concluded the abuse potential of MG was within the range of many other uncontrolled substances, that there was not evidence of an imminent risk to public health, and that a Schedule I listing (the only option for substances that are not FDA approved for therapeutic use such as kratom) carried public health risks including drug overdoses by people using kratom to abstain from opioids. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated abuse potential assessment reviewing greater than 100 studies published since January 1, 2018. These include studies of abuse potential and physical dependence/withdrawal in animals; in-vitro receptor binding; assessments of potential efficacy treating pain and substance use disorders; pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies with safety-related findings; clinical studies of long-term users with various physiological endpoints; and surveys of patterns and reasons for use and associated effects including dependence and withdrawal. Findings from these studies suggest that public health is better served by assuring continued access to kratom products by consumers and researchers. Currently, Kratom alkaloids and derivatives are in development as safer and/or more effective medicines for treating pain, substances use disorders, and mood disorders. Placing kratom in the CSA via scheduling would criminalize consumers and possession, seriously impede research, and can be predicted to have serious adverse public health consequences, including potentially thousands of drug overdose deaths. Therefore, CSA listing is not recommended. Regulation to minimize risks of contaminated, adulterated, and inappropriately marketed products is recommended.

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Section: Conditioned Place Preferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factor/description Citations Main Findings Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kratom Abuse Potential 2021: An Updated Eight Factor Analysis

Henningfield¹,

Wang²,

Huestis³

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Twelve in vivo studies (mice, rats or zebrafish) and two in vitro studies provided evidence for kratom so potential therapeutic use in the treatment of both opioid (Cheaha et al., 2017 ; Fakurazi et al., 2013 ; Harun et al., 2020 ; Hassan et al., 2020 ; Hemby et al., 2019 ; Jamil et al., 2013 ; Khor et al., 2011 ; Meepong and Sooksawate, 2019 ; Wilson et al., 2020 ; Yue et al., 2018 ) and alcohol use disorders (Cheaha et al., 2015 ; Gutridge et al., 2020 ; Kumarnsit et al., 2007a ; Vijeepallam et al., 2019 ), as shown by the effects of the studied preparations (kratom extracts, LKT, mitragynine and other alkaloids; p.o. or i.p.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the extracts, the MS alkaloid (Cheaha et al., 2015 ) and aqueous extract (Kumarnsit et al., 2007a ) attenuated ethanol withdrawal. The methanol extract was found to reduce the ethanol‐seeking behavior (Vijeepallam et al., 2019 ), and both extracts (with or without 7HMG) and alkaloids (e.g., paynantheine, speciogynine, mitragynine, 7HMG) diminished alcohol intake (Gutridge et al., 2020 ). LKT (Wilson et al., 2020 ) and mitragynine were reported to lessen morphine withdrawal (Cheaha et al., 2017 ; Harun et al., 2020 ; Khor et al., 2011 ), with Hassan et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In preclinical studies, kratom was found to reduce ethanol (Cheaha et al., 2015 ; Gutridge et al., 2020 ; Kumarnsit et al., 2007a ; Vijeepallam et al., 2019 ) and morphine (Cheaha et al., 2017 ; Fakurazi et al., 2013 ; Harun et al., 2020 ; Hassan et al., 2020 ; Hemby et al., 2019 ; Jamil et al., 2013 ; Khor et al., 2011 ; Meepong and Sooksawate, 2019 ; Wilson et al., 2020 ; Yue et al., 2018 ) withdrawal and dependence as well. First, it has been suggested that kratom may reduce opioid dependence by acting on mu‐ and delta‐opioid receptors (Harun et al., 2020 ; Hemby et al., 2019 ), inducing cAMP pathway down‐regulation (with CREB would be the basis of tolerance and dependence), and reducing mRNA mu‐opioid receptor expression (Fakurazi et al., 2013 ; Jamil et al., 2013 ), and/or avoiding the acquisition/expression of morphine‐induced CPP (Meepong and Sooksawate, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans

Prevete

Kuypers

Theunissen

et al. 2021

Human Psychopharmacology

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Introduction: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical plant traditionally used as an ethnomedicinal remedy for several conditions in South East Asia. Despite the increased interest in its therapeutical benefits in Western countries, little scientific evidence is available to support such claims, and existing data remain limited to kratom's chronic consumption.Objective: Our study aims to investigate (pre)clinical evidence on the efficacy of kratom as a therapeutic aid and its safety profile in humans. Methods: A systematic literature search using PubMed and the Medline database was conducted between April and November 2020. Results: Both preclinical (N = 57) and clinical (N = 18) studies emerged from our search. Preclinical data indicated a therapeutic value in terms of acute/chronic pain (N = 23), morphine/ethanol withdrawal, and dependence (N = 14), among other medical conditions (N = 26). Clinical data included interventional studies (N = 2) reporting reduced pain sensitivity, and observational studies (N = 9) describing the association between kratom's chronic (daily/frequent) use and safety issues, in terms of health consequences (e.g., learning impairment, high cholesterol level, dependence/withdrawal).Conclusions: Although the initial (pre)clinical evidence on kratom's therapeutic potential and its safety profile in humans is encouraging, further validation in large, controlled clinical trials is required.

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Plants with Anti-Addictive Potential

Konrath

Arbo

et al. 2021

Pharmacological Properties of Plant-Derived Natural Products and Implications for Human Health

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Methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice: involvement of antidopaminergic mechanism

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

Kratom Abuse Potential 2021: An Updated Eight Factor Analysis

Kratom Abuse Potential 2021: An Updated Eight Factor Analysis

A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans

Plants with Anti-Addictive Potential

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