Methanolysis and ethanolysis of animal fats: A comparative study of the influence of alcohols

Abstract

Biodiesel from animal fats with methanol and ethanol was produced in the presence of sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide as catalysts. Two samples of pork fats and one natural beef tallow were directly transesterified with a good final product yield: 87.7, 86.7 and 86.3% for methanolysis, and 78.4, 82.6 and 82.7% for ethanolysis, respectively. Methyl ester content was also determined, being higher than 96.5 mass% for all the samples prepared. The presence of natural C17:0 in animal fats makes it necessary to correct the method proposed in the standard EN 14103 (2003). Biodiesel density at 15 °C of the samples was between 870 and 876 kg/m 3 , within the acceptance range of standard EN 14214, and the dynamic viscosity at 40 °C of the produced biodiesels was in the range of 4.5 to 5.16 mm 2 /s, also fulfilling requirements of EN 14214 standard. The iodine value is much lower than the superior limit established by EN 14214 standard but oxidation stability (OSI) is lower than the required limit, 6 h, of the standard, which can be attributed to the lack of natural antioxidants in tallows.

Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using sunflower biodiesel with a renewable antioxidant additive from bio-oil

“…In general, biodiesel density has been found to be around 5% higher than that of diesel and B10 blends. In any case, all density values fulfil the standard requirements (820-845 kg/m 3 Other important concern when using biodiesel in a diesel engine is the detrimental effect caused by the high viscosity of the fuel. Kinematic viscosity values of biodiesel samples used in this work (CB, SB and DSB) were very close to each other (4.30-4.58 mm 2 /s) and around 60% higher than that of D, CB10 and SB10 (2.79-2.90 mm 2 /s).…”

Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Tallow Fat Using Heterogeneous Catalysis

“…Scheme 1 represents the transesterification reaction. 8 In different countries, many resources of oils and fats are utilized to produce biodiesel.…”

Use of cultivars of low cost, agroindustrial and urban waste in the production of cellulosic ethanol in Brazil: A proposal to utilization of microdistillery

“…In Brazil, the production of these co-products from ethanol is due the expanding ethanol production in the country [104]. It can be cited, for example, the use of ethanol in replacement of methanol during the production of biodiesel [105], as well as conversion of ethanol into ethylene for the production of bioplastics, scenarios that contribute to the increasing demand for ethanol. It is emphasized that ethanol used during the stage of transesterification of biodiesel can be obtained from the lignocellulosic residues resulting from the oil extraction during the biodiesel production and directed to the production of cellulosic ethanol [106]; currently, 80% of the biodiesel produced in Brazil uses soybeans as raw material [107].…”