Methanolysis of soybean oil in the presence of tin(IV) complexes

Ferreira, Daví A. C.; Meneghetti, Mário R.; Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz; Wolf, Carlos Rodolfo

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2006.10.002

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A notable example are the solid acids [11]. These solid catalysts, which normally present Lewis acidity, are easily separated from the reaction media and are potentially less corrosive to the reactors [12][13][14][15]. However, their use usually require drastic reaction conditions, i.e.…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

2008

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Abstract:The production of biodiesel from low-cost raw materials which generally contain high amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) is a valuable alternative that would make their production costs more competitive than petroleum-derived fuel. Currently, the production of biodiesel from this kind of raw materials comprises a two-stage process, which requires an initial acid-catalyzed esterification of the FFA, followed by a basecatalyzed transesterification of the triglycerides. Commonly, the acid H 2 SO 4 is the catalyst on the first step of this process. It must be said, however, that major drawbacks such as substantial reactor corrosion and the great generation of wastes, including the salts formed due to neutralization of the mineral acid, are negative and virtually unsurmountable aspects of this protocol. In this paper, tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O), an inexpensive Lewis acid, was evaluated as catalyst on the ethanolysis of oleic acid, which is the major component of several fat and vegetable oils feedstocks. Tin chloride efficiently promoted the conversion of oleic acid into ethyl oleate in ethanol solution and in soybean oil samples, under mild reaction conditions. The SnCl 2 catalyst was shown to be as active as the mineral acid H 2 SO 4 . Its use has relevant advantages in comparison to mineral acids catalysts, such as less corrosion of the reactors and as well as avoiding the unnecessary neutralization of products. Herein, the effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of ethyl oleate production has been investigated. Kinetic measurements revealed that the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O is first-order in relation to both FFAs and catalyst concentration. Experimentally, it was verified that the energy of activation of the esterification reaction of oleic acid catalyzed by SnCl 2 was very close those reported for H 2 SO 4 . OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2008, 1 80

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Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

2008

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“…Meneghetti and coworkers [12] described some solubility data of typical Sn(IV) organocatalysts, which are displayed in Table 9.…”

Section: Isrn Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation certainly justifies the high catalytic activity of DBTDL observed in the several transesterification reactions. Ferreira and coworkers [12] testing a class of commercial organometallic compounds of tin as catalysts in transesterification reactions of soybean oil with methyl alcohol are shown in Table 10.…”

Section: Isrn Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A Review

Ferreira

Cardoso

Silva

2012

ISRN Renewable Energy

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The recent increase in the world biofuels demand, along with the need to reduce costs while improving the environmental sustainability of the biodiesel production, have led to the search for catalysts that should be economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly. This paper reviews recent research and development of organic and inorganic tin catalysts; focusing on kinetic properties and catalytic activity in two key reactions for biodiesel production: free fatty acids (FFA) esterification and triglycerides (TG) transesterification. First the basic knowledge of homogeneous tin catalysts in esterification reactions of different carboxylic acids is provided. Second, main advances obtained in the study of FFA esterification reactions catalyzed by tin chloride are covered. The effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of alkyl esters production is described. Kinetic measurements allowed the determination of the activation energy (46.79 kJ mol −1 ) and a first-order dependence in relation to both FFA and tin chloride catalyst concentration. Aspects related to recycling of the tin chloride catalyst in phase homogeneous are discussed. Third the advances obtained in the development of homogeneous catalysts based on tin complexes in transesterification reactions are summarized. Finally, results obtained from the use of tin organometallics compounds in reactions of vegetable oils transesterification reactions are concisely presented. The optimization of processes catalytic homogeneous utilized in the transesterification reactions can contribute to the improvement of the technology biodiesel production.

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“…24 Nesse caso, sistemas homogêneos ou heterogêneos têm sido estudados com resultados muito promissores, tais como àqueles baseados em complexos de estanho(II) 27 e complexos de estanho(IV). 28 Finalmente, outro exemplo de aplicação da transesterificação que merece destaque, consiste na glicerólise de óleos ou gorduras. Nesse caso, o glicerol -que é coproduto da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel (ver Esquema 5)-reage com triacilgliceróis visando à obtenção de mono e diacilgliceróis.…”

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Transesterification, Some Applications and Biodiesel Production

Meneghetti¹,

Meneghetti²,

Brito³

2013

Revista Virtual De Química

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Abstract:Transesterification is a transformation with important industrial applications in areas related with polymers, coats, and fuels (fatty acids alkyl esters, biodiesel). This reaction occurs in the presence of catalysts and it is very important to control both the process parameters and the quality of raw materials. In this work the general remarks about transesterification and some examples of industrial processes based on this reaction are discussed, focusing on biodiesel production.Keywords: Transesterification; biodiesel; biofuel. ResumoA reação de transesterificação, de grande aplicabilidade industrial, é também amplamente utilizada para a produção de monoésteres alquílicos de ácidos graxos (biodiesel). Essa reação ocorre na presença de catalisadores e o controle dos parâmetros de reação e da qualidade das matérias-primas são aspectos fundamentais que devem ser considerados. Nesse trabalho são discutidas algumas informações gerais sobre a transesterificação, além de exemplos de processos industriais baseados nesse tipo de reação, focalizando sua importância na produção de biodiesel. Palavras-chave:Transesterificação; biodiesel; biocombustível.

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Methanolysis of soybean oil in the presence of tin(IV) complexes

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A Review

Transesterification, Some Applications and Biodiesel Production

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