Methicillin Resistance Reduces the Virulence of Healthcare-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Interfering With the agr Quorum Sensing System

Rudkin, Justine; Edwards, Andrew M.; Bowden, M. Gabriela; Brown, Eric L.; Pozzi, Clarissa; Waters, Elaine M.; Chan, Weng C.; Williams, Paul; O’Gara, James P.; Massey, Ruth C.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir845

Cited by 134 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…Some authors deemed that methicillin resistance can reduce the virulence of HA-MRSA strains [14], as a consequence of cell wall alterations in MRSA strains that infl uence the Agr quorum-sensing system. The result is the reduction in the expression and secretion of cytolitic toxins [14]. According to these authors, this is the reason why some strains of HA-MRSA only scarcely spread across the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia

Lepsanovic

Jeremić

Lazic

et al. 2016

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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With a view to estimating the prevalence and resistance patterns of CA-MR-SA in one region of Serbia, we performed an analysis of MRSA isolates from healthy people and hospitalised patients. The detection of CA-MRSA was carried out by SCCmec typing. In MRSA isolates from hospitalised patients SCCmec types IV and V were found in 76% of the strains. Similar percentage (80%) of CA-MRSA genotypes was present in healthy people. SCCmec type V harbouring MRSA was the most successful clone. Higher prevalence of type V in hospitalised patients to that in healthy people (70% vs 54%) may indicate nosocomial transmissions in at least some hospital units. All MRSA strains from hospitalised patients were resistant to one or more non-β-lactam antibiotics while 52% were multi-resistant. In isolates from healthy people, 16% were sensitive to all non-β-lactam antibiotics and 40% were multi-resistant. Similar percentage of multi-resistant CA-and HA-genotypes occurred in a particular environment (53% vs 50% in hospitalised patients, and 37.5% vs 37.5% in healthy people) indicating selective pressure of antibiotics as a leading force conferring antibiotic resistance. High prevalence of CA-MRSA and high resistance rate both in hospitals and the community suggest that this pathogen has been present in the Pomoravlje Region, central Serbia for years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia

Lepsanovic

Jeremić

Lazic

et al. 2016

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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“…Researchers determined that bioilm formation of HA- MRSA BH1CC strain is decreased by removing SCCmec that results up-regulation of protease activity [4,42,43].…”

Section: The Relationship Between Methicillin Resistance and Bioilm Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA and MSSA: The Mechanism of Methicillin Resistance and the Influence of Methicillin Resistance on Biofilm Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus

Kırmusaoğlu¹

2017

The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in ≪i>Staphylococcus Aureus

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is one of the most common causes of indwelling device-associated, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections, can produce bioilm as a virulence factor. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics causes life-threatening infections. Bioilm producer strains of S. aureus that causes indwelling device-associated infections resist to antimicrobials and immune system. The combination of methicillin resistance and the ability of bioilm formation of S. aureus makes treatment diicult. Methicillin resistance of S. aureus can afect bioilm phenotype of S. aureus; the mecA gene of MRSA increases bioilm production by inactivating accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing regulator system, which is a two-component regulator system of virulence factor production. The aim of this review is to determine virulence factors of S. aureus, resistance mechanisms of methicillin, and the inluence of methicillin resistance on bioilm phenotype of S. aureus. Keywords:Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, MSSA, bioilm, methicillin resistance, virulence, inluence of methicillin resistance on bioilm IntroductionThe bioilm has an important role in the pathogenesis of certain bacterial infections such as staphylococcal indwelling device-associated infections, wound infections, chronic urinary tract infections (UTI), cystic ibrosis pneumonia, chronic otitis media (OM), chronic rhinosinusitis, periodontitis, and recurrent tonsillitis [1].© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The bioilm infections such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are the important problems in hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients worldwide due to their tough and nonresponsive treatment by antibiotics. Bioilm-producing bacteria are resistant to immune defense, antibiotics, and many antimicrobial agents [2,3].The mecA gene, which is located in the staphylococcal chromosomes, enhances virulence of Staphylococcus by causing resistant to methicillin antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) causes hospital-associated (HA-MRSA) and community-associated (CA-MRSA) infections. Methicillin resistance of S. aureus causes treatment of S. aureus tough by antibiotics due to its resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as methicillin are regulated by regulatory genes in the presence of such antibiotics. S. aureus bioilm formation is regulated globally by the accessory gene regulator (...

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“…Acquisition of SCCmecII was a critical genetic event in the evolution of the EMRSA-16 clone as a hospital-associated antibiotic-resistant clone refractory to treatment with β-lactam antibiotics. Of note, the type II SCCmec element has been demonstrated to reduce the toxicity of MRSA CC30 strains in comparison with methicillinsensitive CC30 strains, by preventing normal stationary phase induction of the agr system, leading to decreased expression of cytolytic toxins (35,36). It is speculated that this reduction in energy requirement could compensate for the metabolically costly maintenance of a large SCCmec element and its associated methicillin resistance, but which would be likely to lead to reduced fitness outside of the hospital setting (37).…”

Section: Identification Of Mutations That Correlate With the Hospitalmentioning
confidence: 99%

Molecular tracing of the emergence, adaptation, and transmission of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
McAdam
¹
,
Templeton
²
,
Edwards
³

et al. 2012
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
173
16
139
1
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Hospital-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a global health burden dominated by a small number of bacterial clones. The pandemic EMRSA-16 clone (ST36-II) has been widespread in UK hospitals for 20 y, but its evolutionary origin and the molecular basis for its hospital association are unclear. We carried out a Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction on the basis of the genome sequences of 87 S. aureus isolates including 60 EMRSA-16 and 27 additional clonal complex 30 (CC30) isolates, collected from patients in three continents over a 53-y period. The three major pandemic clones to originate from the CC30 lineage, including phage type 80/81, Southwest Pacific, and EMRSA-16, shared a most recent common ancestor that existed over 100 y ago, whereas the hospital-associated EMRSA-16 clone is estimated to have emerged about 35 y ago. Our CC30 genome-wide analysis revealed striking molecular correlates of hospital-or community-associated pandemics represented by mobile genetic elements and nonsynonymous mutations affecting antibiotic resistance and virulence. Importantly, phylogeographic analysis indicates that EMRSA-16 spread within the United Kingdom by transmission from hospitals in large population centers in London and Glasgow to regional health-care settings, implicating patient referrals as an important cause of nationwide transmission. Taken together, the high-resolution phylogenomic approach used resulted in a unique understanding of the emergence and transmission of a major MRSA clone and provided molecular correlates of its hospital adaptation. Similar approaches for hospitalassociated clones of other bacterial pathogens may inform appropriate measures for controlling their intra-and interhospital spread.nosocomial | epidemiology

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Methicillin Resistance Reduces the Virulence of Healthcare-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Interfering With the agr Quorum Sensing System

Cited by 134 publications

References 41 publications

High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia

High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia

MRSA and MSSA: The Mechanism of Methicillin Resistance and the Influence of Methicillin Resistance on Biofilm Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus

Molecular tracing of the emergence, adaptation, and transmission of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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