Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in the Oral Cavity: Implications for Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Surveillance

Donkor, Eric S.; Kotey, Fleischer C. N.

doi:10.1177/1178633720976581

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, we first revealed the prevalence and genotypes ( coa -type, ST) of MRSA and MSSA from the oral cavity of dental patients, and also the spectrum of CoNS species with their resistance phenotype and determinants. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in an oral cavity reported to date varies depending on the study design having different subjects [ 33 ]. In four studies on systemically healthy dental patients, the isolation rate of S. aureus ranged from 5.9 to 36.6%, while MRSA 0–8.6% [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan

et al. 2021

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The acquisition of drug resistance and virulence by staphylococcal species colonizing humans is a growing public health concern. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus isolates from the oral cavity and skin (hand) of systemically healthy subjects with dental disease and dental staff in northern Japan. Among a total of 133 subjects (91 patients and 42 staff), 87 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (83 S. aureus/4 S. argenteus) and 162 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates were recovered from 59 (44.4%) and 95 (71.4%) subjects, respectively. Three oral isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (3.6%, 3/83) that were genotyped as ST8-SCCmec-IVl, ST4775(CC1)-SCCmec-IVa and ST6562(CC8)-SCCmec-IVa. Remarkably, the ST6562 isolate harbored PVL genes on ΦSa2usa and type I ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element). Four methicillin-susceptible isolates were identified as S. argenteus belonging to ST1223 and ST2250, which harbored enterotoxin genes egc-2 and sey, respectively. Among the fourteen CoNS species identified, methicillin-resistant (MR) isolates were detected in five species (11 isolates, 13.3% of CoNS), with S. saprophyticus and S. haemolyticus being the most common. ACME was prevalent in only S. epidermidis and S. capitis. These findings indicated the potential distribution of USA300 clone-like MRSA, toxigenic S. argenteus and MR-CoNS in the oral cavity of dental patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan

et al. 2021

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“…Non-oral bacteria are transient or non-resident pathogenic bacteria that are not generally considered a common part of the oral microbiota [1]. The oral microbiota has been reported to contain more than one hundred thousand (1000) species of bacteria [2,3,4] belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Treponema, Corynebacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, Prophyromonas, etc., [5,6] with only a few proportions of these bacteria are associated with dental disease such as periodontitis, gingivitis, dental caries, etc., [7,8]. However, the invasion and colonization of the oral cavity by non-oral bacteria such as Staphylococci, enterococci and Gram-negative enteric rods (GNRs) depict an imbalance of oral flora in the oral cavity [6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiogram of Non-Oral Bacteria Isolates from Patients Attending Dental Clinic at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Medical Center Enugu

Edemekong

Iroha²,

Thompson³

et al. 2022

IJPR

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Background and Objectives: Antibiotic-resistance among microbiota found within the oral cavity is a growing concern due to extensive use of antibiotics in dental practice both for therapeutic and prophylactic reasons, but has so far received little attention in recent time. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of non-oral bacteria isolates from patients attending dental clinic at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Medical Center Enugu (FEDCODTTEN) Methodology: A total of two hundred (200) oral swab samples were collected from patients with dental disease, placed in sterilized Brain Heart Infusion broth and immediately transported to the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Enugu, for bacteriological analysis using standard microbiological methods for isolation and characterization. Antibiogram studies of non-oral bacteria was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and the results were interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was determined for Multidrug Resistant (MDR) non-oral bacteria. Results: Phenotypic characterization of non-oral bacteria revealed an occurrence rate of S. aureus 35(17.5%) followed by E. coli 18(9.0%), Salmonella typhi 16(8.0 %) and K. oxytoca 4(2.0%) as the least predominant bacteria species. Among the oral site, lower right quadrant showed increase isolation rate of 30(15.0%) bacteria followed by lower left quadrant 23(11.5%) while upper right quadrant accounted 15(7.5 %) with the least isolation rate. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of non-oral bacteria in right quadrant and left quadrant samples from dental disease patients (P < 0.05). Non-oral bacteria isolate exhibited 57.1-100% resistant to Ertapenem, colisitn, amoxillicin, azetronam, colistin, ampicillin and clindamycin with Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Index (MARI) ranged from 0.4-0.7, indicating high level of multi-drug resistance but were susceptible to ciprofloxacin 77.8%, gentamicin 100% and imipenem 100%. Conclusion: The high antibiotic resistant and increase multi-drug resistance outcome reported among non-oral bacteria in this study calls for strengthened efforts in antibiotic stewardship and infection prevention and control measures in dental practices with the need to implement regular awareness programs at time interval to control and manage multi-drug resistance bacteria through judicious use of antibiotic to re-establish dominance over multi-drug resistance non-oral bacteria implicated in dental diseases.

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“…Significant proportions of humans harbour MRSA, primarily in the nasal and oral cavities but also in the perineum, axillae and hands [4,10]. It is well documented that approximately onethird of healthy people are colonized nasally with S. aureus [11] either persistently or intermittently [12]. However, the frequency of HCW colonization by MRSA and their relatedness to MRSA recovered from patient and hospital environmental sources requires further investigation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission among healthcare workers, patients and the environment in a large acute hospital under non-outbreak conditions investigated using whole-genome sequencing

Kinnevey

Kearney

Shore

et al. 2021

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Background: The role of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization of healthcare workers (HCWs), patients and the hospital environment in MRSA transmission in non-outbreak settings is poorly understood. Aims: To investigate transmission events (TEs) involving HCWs, patients and the environment under non-outbreak conditions in a hospital with a history of endemic MRSA using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: HCW (N ¼ 326) and patient (N ¼ 388) volunteers on nine wards were tested for nasal and oral MRSA colonization over two years. Near-patient environment (N ¼ 1164), high-frequency touch sites (N ¼ 810) and air (N ¼ 445) samples were screened for MRSA. Representative MRSA and clinical isolates were analysed by WGS and core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Closely related isolates ( 24 allelic differences) were segregated into related isolated groups (RIGs). Findings: In total, 155 MRSA were recovered: clinical isolates (N ¼ 41), HCWs (N ¼ 22), patients (N ¼ 37), environmental isolates (N ¼ 55). Nine clonal complexes (CCs) were identified among 110/155 MRSA sequenced with 77/110 assigned to CC22. Seventy-nine MRSA segregated into 17 RIGs. Numerous potential TEs were associated with CC22-MRSA (RIGs 1e15), CC45-MRSA (RIG-16) and CC8-MRSA (RIG-17). RIG-1, (the largest RIG) contained 24 ST22-MRSA-IVh from six HCWs, six patients, four clinical and eight environmental

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Oral Cavity: Implications for Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Surveillance

Cited by 28 publications

References 180 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan

Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiogram of Non-Oral Bacteria Isolates from Patients Attending Dental Clinic at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Medical Center Enugu

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission among healthcare workers, patients and the environment in a large acute hospital under non-outbreak conditions investigated using whole-genome sequencing

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