Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusST398 in Humans and Animals, Central Europe

Abstract

Isolates found in persons and animals in Germany and Austria show a genetic relationship.

Evolution of Multidrug-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections in Horses and Colonized Personnel in an Equine Clinic Between 2005 and 2010

“…2,8,19,24,36,38,42,43 Of note, the BORSA and MRSA strains of our study did not appear to be particularly more virulent than other S. aureus in horses. Infected equine patients did not suffer from increased frequency or severity of complications in wound healing, nor did colonized humans develop clinical signs.…”

“…17,31,35,38,42 Specific MRSA belonging to clonal complexes CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC59, CC88, CC398, and mainly to spa type t002, t008, t009, t011, t020, t022, t032, t034, t036, t064, t127, t166, t186, t216, t451, t588, t1197, t1451, and t2123 have been identified as a cause of nosocomial infections in numerous equine clinics. 9,27,[37][38][39]43 S. aureus can colonize the skin and mucosa, especially nasal mucosa, of healthy horses and humans, which then acts as a reservoir for MRSA and contributes to its spread into the community and hospitals. 14,35,38,40 Horses entering the hospital have been shown to contribute to the introduction and spread of MRSA in the clinic.…”

Analysis of prophages harbored by the human-adapted subpopulation of Staphylococcus aureus CC398

“…Originally detected in pig farmers in Europe (Witte et al, 2007), Staphylococcus aureus belonging to CC398 has become a worldwide threat associated with livestock, their human contacts and food products (van Belkum et al, 2008). Microarrays and whole-genome sequencing approaches applied to a large number of CC398 isolates distinguished two clades within the CC398 lineage (Price et al, 2012;Uhleman et al, 2012;McCarthy et al, 2011): the classical LA clade, isolates of which have long been responsible for frequent and transient colonization, and rare infections, of farmers and veterinarians (Huijsdens et al, 2006); and a human clade.…”

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

“…As a result thereof, the proportion of NT-MRSA in the national surveillance increased by 20% in the second half of 2006 and by 30 % in 2007 [13] (unpublished data, RIVM) and even a threefold increase was reported from a hospital in the south of the country [15]. Up to now, NT-MRSA has been found in France, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Belgium and Canada [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”