Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>USA300 Clone in Long-Term Care Facility

Tattevin, Pierre; Diep, Binh An; Jula, Michael; Perdreau-Remington, Françoise

doi:10.3201/eid1506.080195

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The increase in numbers of MSSA infections was not due to an increase in the number of cultures sent, and the USA300 PFGE pattern was found for six MSSA isolates tested (691). In a long-term care facility in San Francisco, CA, as USA300 became the predominant MRSA strain to cause infections, the incidence of MRSA infections doubled from 1997 to 2006 (889). In contrast, in other geographic locales, there is little evidence that the overall incidence of invasive S. aureus infections is increasing as rapidly; instead, it appears that as the number of invasive CA-MRSA infections rise, the number of invasive infections caused by HA-MRSA is decreasing.…”

Section: Ca-mrsa: An Epidemic and Its Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of (479). The presence of USA300 increased among MRSA isolates from a 1,000-bed long-term care facility in San Francisco, CA, from 11.3% in 2002 to 64% in 2006 (889). Given the complex epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains in health care settings and the circulation of HA-MRSA strains that occurs in the community, establishing a clear delineation between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA strains has not been possible.…”

Section: What Is Community-associated Mrsa?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

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SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, foreign-body infections, and sepsis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were once confined largely to hospitals, other health care environments, and patients frequenting these facilities. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an explosion in the number of MRSA infections reported in populations lacking risk factors for exposure to the health care system. This increase in the incidence of MRSA infection has been associated with the recognition of new MRSA clones known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains differ from the older, health care-associated MRSA strains; they infect a different group of patients, they cause different clinical syndromes, they differ in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, they spread rapidly among healthy people in the community, and they frequently cause infections in health care environments as well. This review details what is known about the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection. It also addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.

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Section: Ca-mrsa: An Epidemic and Its Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is Community-associated Mrsa?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

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“…However, over the 4-year study period (2001 to 2004), there was a significant increase in the proportion of individuals harboring USA300 isolates in their nares (22). In addition, more recent data indicate that USA300 isolates are becoming a common cause of nasal carriage among U.S. hospitalized patients, especially in the southern United States (17), and continue to be a significant cause of community-acquired skin infections (35) and skin disease in long-term care facilities (45). A model of invasive MRSA infections reported by D'Agata et al indicated that MRSA isolates of PFGE type (PFT) USA300 were likely to increase in frequency in the United States and replace USA100 isolates as the most common cause of invasive MRSA infections in the future (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nasal and Blood Culture Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in United States Hospitals

Tenover¹,

Tickler²,

Goering

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

105

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A total of 299 nares and 194 blood isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), each recovered from a unique patient, were collected from 23 U.S. hospitals from May 2009 to March 2010. All isolates underwent spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; a subset of 84 isolates was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI. Seventy-six spa types were observed among the isolates. Overall, for nasal isolates, spa type t002-SCCmec type II (USA100) was the most common strain type (37% of isolates), while among blood isolates, spa type t008-SCCmec type IV (USA300) was the most common (39%). However, the proportion of all USA100 and USA300 isolates varied by United States census region. Nasal isolates were more resistant to tobramycin and clindamycin than blood isolates (55.9% and 48.8% of isolates versus 36.6% and 39.7%, respectively; for both, P < 0.05). The USA300 isolates were largely resistant to fluoroquinolones. High-level mupirocin resistance was low among all spa types (<5%). SCCmec types III and VIII, which are rare in the United States, were observed along with several unusual PFGE types, including CMRSA9, EMRSA15, and the PFGE profile associated with sequence type 239 (ST239) isolates. Typing data from this convenience sample suggest that in U.S. hospitalized patients, USA100 isolates of multiple spa types, while still common in the nares, have been replaced by USA300 isolates as the predominant MRSA strain type in positive blood cultures.

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“…LA-MRSA include strains such as ST398 and ST9, often carry SCCmec type V, are typically PVL negative, and (like HA-MRSA) tend to be resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. However, both CA-MRSA and LA-MRSA have caused nosocomial infections in hospitals (Jenkins et al 2009;Fanoy et al 2009;van Rijen et al 2008, van Rijen et al 2009Kourbatova et al 2005;Seybold et al 2006;Tattevin et al 2009). …”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Diseases of Swine: Food-borne and Occupational Aspects of Infection

Thapaliya

Hanson

Kates

et al. 2014

Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Swine and their products have become a central part of food systems around the world. Global pork production has rapidly increased over the past 30 years, leading to the intensification of the swine industry: though there are fewer farms now, those farms that do persist raise ever-larger numbers of animals. This increases the transmission of pathogens both amongst animal herds, and between animals and their human caretakers. Furthermore, increased stress to animals and the potential for amplification of pathogens in the farming environment can lead to a higher burden of disease-causing organisms in and on meat products, which then make their way to consumers world-wide. As such, swine and their meat products have the potential to introduce new zoonotic diseases into populations via multiple routes of transmission. Here we discuss several examples of zoonotic diseases of swine origin, reviewing diseases with bacterial, viral, or parasitic causes. Background and IntroductionPork is rapidly becoming the world's source of protein. Global pork production increased more than 80 % between 198580 % between and 201080 % between (Fournie et al. 2012, and this trend has led to the intensification of swine husbandry, with fewer and fewer facilities present, but each raising larger numbers of individual animals. China has been a driver of this market, accounting for approximately 50 % of total global pig production (Fournie et al. 2012). As swine production has intensified, so has concern over how these modifications in husbandry may affect the transmission of disease amongst pigs as well as to human caretakers. It has been estimated that more than 60 % of emerging diseases are zoonotic (Jones et al. 2008). A recent review (Fournie et al. 2012) identified 77 pathogens that had not been described in swine prior to 1985, including 39 viruses and 32 bacterial species. Not surprisingly, the top 20 % of pork-producing countries accounted for 82 % of these emerging pathogens. Of these 77 novel species found to infect swine, 30 (39 %) are zoonotic, and 23

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Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusUSA300 Clone in Long-Term Care Facility

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Characterization of Nasal and Blood Culture Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in United States Hospitals

Zoonotic Diseases of Swine: Food-borne and Occupational Aspects of Infection

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