Methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Chambers, Henry F.

doi:10.1128/cmr.1.2.173-186.1988

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…For a horizontal flat surface, θ is equivalent to the solar zenith angle (90sun elevation angle). However, for the varying slope surface, θ must be calculated pixel-by-pixel based on the surface slope and aspect information, which is derived from a DEM by the following Equation (13) (Duffie & Beckman, 1989):…”

Section: Incoming Shortwave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of mass and energy balance of glaciers using a distributed energy balance model over the Chandra river basin (Western Himalaya)

Patel

Goswami

Dharpure

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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The ongoing glacier shrinking in the Himalayan region causes a significant threat to freshwater sustainability and associated future runoff. However, data on the spatial climatic contribution of glacier retreat is scanty in this region. To investigate the spatially distributed glacier surface energy and mass fluxes, a two-dimensional mass balance model was developed and applied to the selected glaciers of the Chandra basin, in the Upper Indus Basin, Western Himalaya. This model is driven by the remote sensing data and meteorological variables measured in the vicinity of the Chandra basin for six hydrological years (October 2013 to September 2019). The modelled variables were calibrated/validated with the in-situ observation from the Himansh station in the Chandra basin. We have derived air temperature (T a) spatially using the multivariate statistical approach, which indicates a relative error of 0.02-0.05 C with the observed data. Additionally, the relative error between the modelled and observed radiation fluxes was <10.0 W m −2. Our study revealed that the Chandra basin glaciers have been losing its mass with a mean annual mass balance of −0.59 ± 0.12 m w.e. a −1 for the six hydrological years. Results illustrated that the mean surface melt rate of the selected glaciers ranged from −5.1 to −2.5 m w.e. a −1 that lies between 4500 and 5000 m a.s.l. The study revealed that the net radiation (R N) contributes $75% in total energy (F M) during the melt season while sensible heat (H S), latent heat (H l), and ground heat (H G) fluxes shared 15%, 8%, and 2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the energy balance components suggested that the mass balance is highly sensitive to albedo and surface radiations in the study area. Overall, the proposed model performed well for glacier-wide energy and mass balance estimation and confirms the utility of remote sensing data, which may help in reducing data scarcity in the upper reaches of the Himalayan region.

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Section: Incoming Shortwave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of mass and energy balance of glaciers using a distributed energy balance model over the Chandra river basin (Western Himalaya)

Patel

Goswami

Dharpure

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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“…The PBP B3 of L. monocytogenes belongs to the same subclass of class B PBPs as Bacillus subtilis PBP3, Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a (encoded by mecA) and Enterococcus faecalis PBP5, which all are low-affinity penicillin binding proteins and as such critical determinants of cephalosporin or methicillin resistance in these bacteria [42][43][44][45]. The two pbpB3 mutations lowering cephalosporin resistance described here affect the N-terminal domain and the allosteric domain (non-penicillin binding domain) of PBP B3 (Figure 2B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure-guided profiling of antibiotic resistance patterns in clinicalListeria monocytogenesisolates from Germany identifiespbpB3alleles associated with low levels of cephalosporin resistance

Fischer¹,

Wamp²,

Fruth³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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25 26 Case numbers of listeriosis have been increasing in Germany and the European Union during the 27 last decade. In addition reports on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Listeria 28 monocytogenes in clinical and environmental isolates are accumulating. The susceptibility 29 towards 14 antibiotics was tested in a selection of clinical L. monocytogenes isolates to get a 30 more precise picture of the development and manifestation of antibiotic resistance in the L. 31 monocytogenes population. Based on the population structure determined by core genome multi 32 locus sequence typing (cgMLST) 544 out of 1,220 sequenced strains collected in Germany 33 between 2009 and 2019 were selected to cover the phylogenetic diversity observed in the clinical 34 L. monocytogenes population. All isolates tested were susceptible towards ampicillin, penicillin 35 and co-trimoxazole -the most relevant antibiotics in the treatment of listeriosis. Resistance to 36 daptomycin and ciprofloxacin was observed in 493 (91%) and in 71 (13%) of 544 isolates, 37 respectively. While all tested strains showed resistance towards ceftriaxone, the minimal 38 inhibitory concentrations (MIC) observed varied widely between 4 mg/L up to >128 mg/L. An 39 allelic variation of the penicillin binding protein gene pbpB3 could be identified as the cause of 40 this difference in ceftriaxone resistance levels. This study is the first population structure-guided 41 analysis of antimicrobial resistance in recent clinical isolates and confirms the importance of 42 penicillin binding protein B3 (PBP B3) for the high level of intrinsic cephalosporin resistance of 43 L. monocytogenes on a population-wide scale.44 45 46 Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, 47 an illness with symptoms ranging from gastroenteritis to septicemia, meningoencephalitis and 48 miscarriage in pregnant women. L. monocytogenes infections are mostly associated with milk 49

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“…by the codification of a new target protein termed PBP2a or PBP2 ' , which presents low affinity for most penicillins and cephalosporins (GELATTI et al, 2009;HARTMAN;TOMASZ, 1984;UBUKATA;YAMASHITA;KONNO, 1985). This mechanism compromises the use of different beta-lactam antibiotics in therapeutics for infections, including fifth generation cephalosporins (ceftobiprole and ceftaroline) in vivo and in vitro (CHAMBERS;DELEO, 2010;CHAN et al, 2015;GELATTI et al, 2009;HAMILTON et al, 2017;HODILLE et al, 2017;MORONI et al, 2018;PLATA;ROSATO;WEGRZYN, 2009).…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These MRSA were spread in hospital environments and in communities around the world. The coexistence of these microorganisms in these ecosystems and their overcoming of ecological barriers have been reported, with infections or colonization in pets and production animals (BARBER, 1961;CHAMBERS, 1988;EVANGELISTA;OLIVEIRA, 2015;FIGUEIREDO;KAYSER;MAK, 1972;KLEIN et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in swine farming: a challenge for one health

Nobre

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2019

AVB

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Article history The inadequate and excessive use of antimicrobial agents in pig farming has contributed to the emergence and increase of resistance to antibiotics in both bacteria related to infectious processes in these animals as those that constitute their own microbiota. This conduct also causes the dissemination of these microorganisms throughout the pig production chain, causing damages to health of consumers of their meat and processed-meat products. The effect of excess use of these medicines can even reach and compromise other ecosystems. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) stands out among bacterium species of interest to the public health. They emerged as important zoonotic pathogens, whose evolution generated different virulence and mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents and has been associated to high use of these medicines in pig farming. The development of resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus spp., especially the expression of the gene mecA, and their interrelation with pig farming are aspects considered in this work. The emergence and global presence of MRS in pig farming denote the important epidemiological involvement of these animal species in the dissemination of these microorganisms, and the occurrence of infections in humans and animals in the whole world. This is a scenario that requires attention by public health agencies and should not be overlooked.

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Methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Cited by 6 publications

References 108 publications

Estimation of mass and energy balance of glaciers using a distributed energy balance model over the Chandra river basin (Western Himalaya)

Estimation of mass and energy balance of glaciers using a distributed energy balance model over the Chandra river basin (Western Himalaya)

Population structure-guided profiling of antibiotic resistance patterns in clinicalListeria monocytogenesisolates from Germany identifiespbpB3alleles associated with low levels of cephalosporin resistance

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in swine farming: a challenge for one health

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