Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and athletes

Kirkland, Eugene B.; Adams, Brian B.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.04.016

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…With the nares and fingertips harboring S aureus more often than other sites, the potential for Staphylococcus epidemics exists. Our overall culturing results were consistent with those of Beam and Buckley, 11 Kazakova et al, 4 Kirkland and Adams, 14 and Romano et al 15 One group 2 identified linemen and cornerbacks as having the highest risk among football players of acquiring Staphylococcus. In our study, 2 wide receivers, 1 tight end, 1 quarterback, and 2 offensive linemen harbored Staphylococcus.…”

Section: Participants' Samplingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Staphylococcus aureus Recovery From Environmental and Human Locations in 2 Collegiate Athletic Teams

Oller¹,

Province²,

Curless

2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Staphylococcus aureus is spread via direct contact with persons and indirect contact via environmental surfaces such as weight benches. Athletes participating in direct-contact sports have an increased risk of acquiring S aureus infections. Objective: To determine (1) potential environmental reservoirs of S aureus in football and wrestling locker rooms and weight rooms, (2) environmental bacterial status after employing more stringent cleaning methods, (3) differences in colonization rates between athletes and nonathletes, (4) exposed body locations where Staphylococcus was recovered more frequently, and (5) personal hygiene practices of athletes and nonathletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Locker room and strengthening and conditioning facilities at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II university. Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate football players and wrestlers, with nonathlete campus residents serving as the control group. Intervention(s): Infection control methods, education of the custodial staff, and education of the athletes regarding the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for infection prevention. Main Outcome Measure(s): Cultures were taken from the participants' noses, fingertips, knuckles, forearms, and shoes and from the environment. Results: Before the intervention, from the 108 environmental samples taken from the football locker room and weight room, 26 (24%) contained methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) and 33 (31%) contained methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). From the 39 environmental samples taken from the wrestling locker room and pit areas, 1 (3%) contained MSSA and 4 (10%) contained MRSA. The MRSA rates were different between the 2 locations according to a χ2 test (P = .01). Seven MRSA isolates were recovered from football players and 1 from a wrestler; no MRSA isolates were recovered from the control group. The fingertip location of S aureus recovery from football players was significant when compared with both other locations in football players and fingertips in wrestlers and the control group (P < .05). Football players and wrestlers shared more personal items than the control group (P < .05). After the intervention, the football locker room and weight room samples were negative for S aureus. Conclusions: Intact strengthening and conditioning equipment, proper hygiene, and proper disinfection methods lowered both environmental and human S aureus recovery at 1 university.

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Section: Participants' Samplingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Staphylococcus aureus Recovery From Environmental and Human Locations in 2 Collegiate Athletic Teams

Oller¹,

Province²,

Curless

2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…1 CA-MRSA is primarily associated with skin soft tissue infection (SSTI) in otherwise healthy children or adolescents, such as athletes, in the community. 1,2 It is also associated with severe systemic infections such as sepsis and necrotizing pneumonia. 1 CA-MRSA is genetically heterogeneous, and includes a variety of clones such as multilocus sequence type (ST) 1 (USA400 clone) and ST8 (USA300 clone), which has emerged as a major clone in the United States; 3 ST80, which has emerged as a major clone in Europe; 4 and ST30, which has spread worldwide.…”

Section: Yasuhiro Shibuya · Mitsuhiko Hara · Wataru Higuchi Tomomi Tamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in Japan

Shibuya

Hara

Higuchi

et al. 2008

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…[3][4][5] Although MRSA was initially considered a hospital-associated disease, reports of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) have increased sevenfold from 1999 to 2006, and CA-MRSA has become a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infection. 6,7 Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurs via contact with the bacteria, such as when athletic populations engage in activities through which bacteria may be spread by personal contact or contact with equipment. 6 Thus, athletes may have more opportunity to contact CA-MRSA due to increased skin-to-skin contact and shared athletic equipment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurs via contact with the bacteria, such as when athletic populations engage in activities through which bacteria may be spread by personal contact or contact with equipment. 6 Thus, athletes may have more opportunity to contact CA-MRSA due to increased skin-to-skin contact and shared athletic equipment. 3,4,6,[8][9][10][11] Health care providers promote efforts to prevent CA-MRSA infection by improving hygiene and education in both the hospital and community environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Thus, athletes may have more opportunity to contact CA-MRSA due to increased skin-to-skin contact and shared athletic equipment. 3,4,6,[8][9][10][11] Health care providers promote efforts to prevent CA-MRSA infection by improving hygiene and education in both the hospital and community environments. 11 In the athletic environment, athletic trainers (ATs) provide health care to athletes, including attempts to reduce potential infections such as CA-MRSA, yet recent studies indicate that CA-MRSA is still prevalent in athletic facilities 12,13 and that cleaning methods may not be optimal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in and Around Therapeutic Whirlpools in College Athletic Training Rooms

Kahanov

Kim

Eberman

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infection in the nonhospitalized community. Care of the athletes in athletic training rooms is specifically designed with equipment tailored to the health care needs of the athletes, yet recent studies indicate that CA-MRSA is still prevalent in athletic facilities and that cleaning methods may not be optimal. Objective To investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and CA-MRSA in and around whirlpools in the athletic training room. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university. Patients or Other Participants Student-athletes (n = 109) consisting of 46 men (42%) and 63 women (58%) representing 6 sports. Main Outcome Measure(s) Presence of MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus in and around the whirlpool structures relative to sport and number of athletes using the whirlpools. Results We identified Staphylococcus aureus in 22% (n = 52/240) of the samples and MRSA in 0.8% (n = 2/240). A statistically significant difference existed between the number of athletes using the whirlpool and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in and around the whirlpools (F2,238 = 2.445, P = .007). However, Staphylococcus aureus was identified regardless of whether multiple athletes used a whirlpool or no athletes used a whirlpool. We did not identify a relationship between the number of athletes who used a whirlpool and Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA density (P = .134). Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were identified in and around the whirlpools. Transmission of the bacteria can be reduced by following the cleaning and disinfecting protocols recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Athletic trainers should use disinfectants registered by the Environmental Protection Agency to sanitize all whirlpools between uses.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and athletes

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Recovery From Environmental and Human Locations in 2 Collegiate Athletic Teams

Staphylococcus aureus Recovery From Environmental and Human Locations in 2 Collegiate Athletic Teams

Emergence of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in Japan

Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in and Around Therapeutic Whirlpools in College Athletic Training Rooms

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