Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the Eye: Current Concepts and Management Strategies

Ritterband, David C.

doi:10.1007/s40135-013-0030-4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…This information is important because of the increasing recovery of MSSA and MRSA from surgical and nonsurgical infections. Additionally, this information is essential to help document the evolution and clonality of ocular S. aureus and their resistant profiles 3,35…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology and resistance profiles among healthcare- and community-associated Staphylococcus aureus keratitis isolates

Peterson¹,

Durkee²,

Miller³

et al. 2019

IDR

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Purpose To characterize the molecular, epidemiological, and resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) keratitis isolates. Patients and methods We used a combination of standard microbiological techniques and DNA microarray analysis to characterize the molecular and antibiotic resistance profiles of 75 Staphylococcus aureus keratitis isolates collected over an 11-year period (2006–2016). Results Two major USA clonal complexes (CC), CC5 (n=30, 40%) and CC8 (n=28, 37.3%), accounted for 77.3% of the collected S. aureus isolates. USA100, traditionally healthcare associated (n=18/47, 38.3%), and USA300, traditionally community associated (n=12/47, 25.5%), were the dominant MRSA strains. Four (22.2%) of the USA100 MRSA isolates were recovered from patients with no prior healthcare exposure. Eleven (91.7%) of the USA300 isolates were recovered from patients with documented healthcare risk factors. MSSA isolates were polyclonal (n=13). Ninety-three percent of MSSA infections were of healthcare origin. Thirty-seven of 61 (60.6%) healthcare- and 11 of 14 (78.6%) community-associated strains were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Sixty-eight percent (n=51) of isolates harbored three of more resistance determinants (genes). The Panton-Valentine Leucocidin gene was detected in 11 (14.7%) of the study isolates. The majority (72.7%) of the strains were members of the USA300 MRSA clone. Conclusion Clonal complexes CC5 and CC8 were the most frequent clones detected among both the MSSA and the MRSA keratitis isolates. USA100 and USA300 clones were the dominant MRSA genotypes. The USA300 MRSA clone has become a leading cause of healthcare-associated keratitis in South Florida. The USA100 MRSA clone has emerged as an increasing cause of community-associated corneal infections in our outpatient population. This shifting epidemiology coupled with the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance among both MSSA and MRSA keratitis is a cause of concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus aureus keratitis is a significant clinical and public health concern in the United States and worldwide 1–3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and resistance profiles among healthcare- and community-associated Staphylococcus aureus keratitis isolates

Peterson¹,

Durkee²,

Miller³

et al. 2019

IDR

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“…More significant has been the rise of MRSA, both in the hospital-acquired and community-acquired settings [29]. Traditionally, healthcare workers and recently hospitalized patients have been at a much higher risk of MRSA than the general public.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-keratorefractive Surgery Infections: Management Strategies

Pillar

Munir

2015

Curr Ophthalmol Rep

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Infectious keratitis after keratorefractive surgery, although extremely rare, has the potential to be sightthreatening. Key to the management of post-operative bacterial and fungal keratitis is early diagnosis, identification of the causative organism with scrapings, irrigation with clinically appropriate antimicrobials, and subsequent topical antimicrobial drop administration. In non-responsive cases, confocal microscopy or polymerase chain reaction may aid in the identification of the causative organism to guide antimicrobial management.

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“…Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was almost restricted to hospitals and hence termed healthcareassociated (HA) strains, but its prevalence has increased in people outside hospitals which is termed community-associated (CA) strains. Infections with both types are clinically, microbiologically, and genetically different (Ritterband 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA screening and spa gene detection in isolates from healthcare workers at ophthalmology hospital in Egypt

2019

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus has a major role in different types of eye infections as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and endophthalmitis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was almost restricted to hospitals, but its prevalence has been increased in people outside hospitals. The cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus has protein A which can bind to the Fc portion of IgG. This ptnA is encoded by surface protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (spa) gene that contains a highly polymorphic sequence which is composed of repeats of 24-bp. Sequence typing of the spa gene repeat region is used to study the epidemiology of MRSA. The purpose of this study was screening of MRSA strains among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Hospital of the Research Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Giza, Egypt, and detecting spa gene in their DNAs by PCR. Results: In the present study, 81 samples from healthcare providers in the hospital of the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Egypt, were screened for MRSA. Out of these 81 samples, 41 isolates (50.6%) were identified as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Twelve staphylococcal isolates were resistant to both oxacillin and cefoxitin, and those were identified as MRSA with a percentage of 14.8% (12/81). Conventional PCR could detect spa gene in 10 out of 12 DNA MRSA with a percentage of 83.3% (10/12). Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of MRSA in HCWs was 14.8%. Since amplification of spa gene by PCR is a necessary preliminary step for spa typing of MRSA and since using different primers for spa gene amplification might affect PCR results, then proper selection of the primers and thermal cycling reaction conditions are recommended for PCR performance and spa typing.

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the Eye: Current Concepts and Management Strategies

Cited by 6 publications

References 121 publications

<p>Molecular epidemiology and resistance profiles among healthcare- and community-associated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> keratitis isolates</p>

<p>Molecular epidemiology and resistance profiles among healthcare- and community-associated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> keratitis isolates</p>

Post-keratorefractive Surgery Infections: Management Strategies

MRSA screening and spa gene detection in isolates from healthcare workers at ophthalmology hospital in Egypt

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