Methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in human sympathoadrenal system and pheochromocytoma.

Yoshimasa, Takaaki; Nakao, Kazuwa; Ohtsuki, Hisashi; Li, Shozo; Imura, Hiroo

doi:10.1172/jci110491

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…They include (i) two fatty acids, 22 lipids (including gluco-, glycero-and glycerophospho-lipids) and 10 bile acid derivatives, low levels of which have been reported to promote cell lipotoxicity and apoptosis and have an overall cathartic effect on the colon (Yoon et al, 2002;Senkal et al, 2011;Swann et al, 2011;Longato et al, 2012); (ii) five N-acyl amino acids or polyamides (including arachidoyl glycine, N-stearoyl proline, N-oleoyl (iso)leucine, N-stearoyl tyrosine and N-palmitoyl threonine), the absence of which promotes dysfunction in the regulation of host temperature, locomotion and inflammation (Tan et al, 2010); (iii) ferroxamine and five metabolites implicated in porphyrin and iron metabolism, the deficiency of which decreases the concentration of beneficial gut microbiota and induces iron deficiency anaemia (Dostal et al, 2014); (iv) 12 presumptive secondary metabolites and bioactive peptides, such as methionine enkephalin and a number of tripeptides, the metabolism failure of which has been shown to lead to failure in immune and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions (Yoshimasa et al, 1982;Salzet and Tasiemski, 2001); (v) inosine, pseudouridine and hypoxanthine, nucleoside and purine derivatives, the depletion of which may negatively influence the initiation of translation and nucleic acid synthesis in human gut microbiota and in gut mucosal defence (Grimble, 1994); and (vi) six ceramide/sphingolipid derivatives, creatinine, N-acetylhistamine, glyoxylate and succinate-ceramide and creatinine deficits in the gut have been associated with liver and renal dysfunctions (Peral et al, 2002; Longato et al, . Notably, the production of the above metabolites was observed in patients carrying toxin + C. difficile strains (Supplementary Table 2).…”

Section: Overall Impact Of Cdad In Gut Microbial Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses

et al. 2015

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Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is caused by C. difficile toxins A and B and represents a serious emerging health problem. Yet, its progression and functional consequences are unclear. We hypothesised that C. difficile can drive major measurable metabolic changes in the gut microbiota and that a relationship with the production or absence of toxins may be established. We tested this hypothesis by performing metabolic profiling on the gut microbiota of patients with C. difficile that produced (n = 6) or did not produce (n = 4) toxins and on non-colonised control patients (n = 6), all of whom were experiencing diarrhoea. We report a statistically significant separation (P-value o0.05) among the three groups, regardless of patient characteristics, duration of the disease, antibiotic therapy and medical history. This classification is associated with differences in the production of distinct molecules with presumptive global importance in the gut environment, disease progression and inflammation. Moreover, although severe impaired metabolite production and biological deficits were associated with the carriage of C. difficile that did not produce toxins, only previously unrecognised selective features, namely, choline-and acetylputrescine-deficient gut environments, characterised the carriage of toxin-producing C. difficile. Additional results showed that the changes induced by C. difficile become marked at the highest level of the functional hierarchy, namely the metabolic activity exemplified by the gut microbial metabolome regardless of heterogeneities that commonly appear below the functional level (gut bacterial composition). We discuss possible explanations for this effect and suggest that the changes imposed by CDAD are much more defined and predictable than previously thought.

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Section: Overall Impact Of Cdad In Gut Microbial Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses

et al. 2015

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“…Two naturally occurring peptides, methionine enkephalin ͑YGGFM͒, known for regulating pain and nociception in the body 22 and substance P ͑RPKPQQFFGLM-NH 2 ; SP-amid͒ a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator 23 were also studied by REC. Methionine enkephalin ͓Fig.…”

Section: F Natural Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation of peptide negative molecular ions induced by resonance electron capture

Vasil’ev

Figard

Morré

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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A simple robust method to study resonance gas-phase reactions between neutral peptides of low volatility and free electrons has been designed and implemented. Resonance electron capture ͑REC͒ experiments were performed by several neutral model peptides and two naturally occurring peptides. The assignment of negative ions ͑NIs͒ formed in these gas-phase reactions was based on high mass-resolving power experiments. From these accurate mass measurements, it was concluded that fragment NIs formed by low ͑1-2 eV͒ energy REC are of the same types as those observed in electron capture/transfer dissociation, where the positive charge is a factor. The main feature resulting from these REC experiments by peptides is the occurrence of z n − 1 ions, which are invariably of the highest abundances in the negative ion mass spectra of larger peptides. ͓M-H͔ − NIs presumably the carboxylate anion structure dominate the REC spectra of smaller peptides. There was no evidence for the occurrence of the complementary reaction, i.e., the formations of c n + 1 ions. Instead, c n ions arose without hydrogen/proton transfer albeit with lower abundances than that observed for z n − 1 ions. Only the amide forms of small peptides showed more abundant ion peaks for the c n ions than for the z n − 1 ions. The mechanisms for the N -C ␣ bond cleavage are discussed.

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“…• X400 X200 xlOO O X12000 X6000 *3000 IO2 fmol/Tube Louis, USA) was used as the immunogen (Yoshimasa et al 1982). -hANP was radioiodinated by the chloramine method (Yoshimasa et al 1982;Hunter & Greenwood 1962).…”

Section: Radioimmunoassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart

Kikuchi

Nakao

Hayashi

et al. 1987

Acta Endocrinologica

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To elucidate the developmental changes of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart, we studied \g=a\-humanatrial natriuretic polypeptide (\g=a\-hANP)-likeimmunoreactivity (\g=a-hANP-LI) in the extracts from the hearts of three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation, a 1-day-old premature infant of 33 weeks' gestation, and two adults. \g=a\-hANP-LIlevels in the atria of the three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation and the premature infant (31.4, 12.2, 9.25 and 15.3 nmol/g, respectively) were comparable to those in two adult atria (16.9 and 13.6 nmol/g). The ventricles also contained \g=a\-hANP-LI (0.763 \ar=r\0.0818 nmol/g with descending values with increasing gestational age) in the three foetuses and the premature infant although it was undetectable (< 0.0162 nmol/g) in two adult ventricles. The highest \g=a\-hANP-LIconcentration was observed in the auricles in all the hearts except in the premature infant. The concentration in the right auricle was higher than in the left during foetal life, whereas that in the left was the higher one after birth. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay revealed that \g=a\-hANP\x=req-\ LI in the atria and apexes of the foetuses and the premature infant consisted of \g=a\hANP,\g=b\-hANP and \g=a\-hANP,with \g=g\-hANPbeing the predominant form. Essentially similar gel filtration patterns were observed in the two adult atria. These results indicate that: 1) ANP appears in human heart tissue early in foetal life;2) cardiac ventricles also contain ANP in the foetus, and 3) there is probably no difference in posttranslational processing of the precursor molecule in foetal and adult hearts.

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Methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in human sympathoadrenal system and pheochromocytoma.

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses

Clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses

Fragmentation of peptide negative molecular ions induced by resonance electron capture

Ontogeny of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart

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