Methionine supplementation of milk proteins for preruminant lambs. II.* Effect on wool growth, liveweight gain and body composition

Walker, DM

doi:10.1071/ar9750681

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

1975

DOI: 10.1071/ar9750681

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Methionine supplementation of milk proteins for preruminant lambs. II.* Effect on wool growth, liveweight gain and body composition

DM Walker¹

Abstract: Twenty-six crossbred lambs in two equal groups, aged 2-5 days, were given a low protein diet based on cows' milk, with or without a supplement of DL-methionine, for an experimental period of 21 days. Intake of gross energy ranged from 518 to 1276 kJ/day per kg0.73 Nitrogen and sulphur retentions were estimated by balance methods and nitrogen retention was also ascertained by comparative slaughter. In the group supplemented with methionine the apparent digestibility of sulphur increased significantly, but there… Show more

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“…low protein concentrations (Walker, 1975;Walker & Kirk, 1975), whilst a positive effect of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation is observed for a concentration in the milk of 414 mg EAA/g crude protein when protein is 259 g/kg DM or for a concentration in the milk of 512 mg EAA/g crude protein when protein is 209 g/kg DM ( Dove et al 1977a, Tricaproin intake. In both trials 1 and 2, tricaproin inclusion in the fat (192-373 g caproic acid/kg fat), in addition to the medium-chain fatty acids already afforded by coconut oil (about 0.2 g caproic acid, 50-64 g caprylic and capric acids, 199-256 g lauric and myristic acids/kg fat) led to a significant increase in protein deposition (Tables 2 and 3).…”

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Effects of substitution of tricaproin for tallow and of protein concentration in milk substitutes on nitrogen and energy balance in the preruminant lamb

Aurousseau¹

1988

Br J Nutr

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1. Results of 138 nitrogen balance studies from experiments with forty male Limousin and nineteen male Ile de France preruminant lambs were used to estimate total N requirements and to assess the effects of dietary tricaproin inclusion, protein concentration, lysine and methionine supplementation and the age of lambs on protein retention. In addition, energy balances were obtained in twenty-four of the Limousin lambs from birth up to 3 weeks of age by means of a slaughter technique.2. For milk substitute unsupplemented with amino acids, tricaproin inclusion increased N balance slightly (P -= 0.001) when a medium-protein concentration (260 g/kg dry matter (DM)) was used, in 2-week-old lambs (f4.3 %) and in 5-week-old Limousin lambs (+ 5.3 %), or very markedly when a high-protein concentration (320 g/kg DM) was used, in 2-week-old lambs (+ 14.5 %) and in 5-week-old lambs ( f 18.6 %). Protein requirements decreased from 300 g/kg DM in 3-week-old lambs to 270 g/kg D M in 5-week-old lambs for the control milk containing tallow-coconut oil mixture (0.67:0.33 by wt) and was increased above 300 g/kg DM at all ages in the case of experimental milk containing tallow-coconut oil-tricaproin mixture (0.33 : 0.33 : 0.33, by 3. For milk containing either a medium-or a high-protein concentration and supplemented with lysine and methionine, inclusion of tricaproin increased N balance (P < 001) to a similar extent (+ 8.5 up to + 14.3 %) in 1 to 2-and 3-week-old Limousin lambs. An increase in N concentration in the milk had no effect in 1-and 2-weekold lambs, but led to a decreased N balance in 3-week-old lambs. Protein requirements decreased from 310 g/kg DM in 1-week-old lambs to 190 g/kg DM in 3-week-old lambs for the milk containing tallow-coconut oil or from 300g/kg DM in 2-week-old lambs to 210g/kg DM in 3-week-old lambs for the milk containing tallowcoconut oil-tricaproin. 4. For the Ile de France lambs given milk supplemented with lysine and methionine, tricaproin inclusion did not alter N balance. Protein requirements decreased from 370 g/kg D M in 2-week-old lambs to 270 g/kg D M in 4-week-old lambs for milk containing both kinds of fat mixtures.5. Between birth and 3 weeks of age, efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization in the Limousin lambs was not dependent on the nature of the milk fat or the protein concentration of the diet (ME efficiency for tissue deposition varying from 0672 to 0.698) whilst ME efficiency for protein deposition was 052 and ME efficiency for lipid deposition was close to 1 ; daily maintenance expenditure was 553 kJ/kg body-weight0'5. wt).Despite much research, the efficiency of medium-chain fatty acids in the utilization of energy for growth has still not been accurately determined. Substitution of tricaprylin (C,) or tricaproin (C,) for equal amounts of energy from starch in the diet of young growing rats leads, in most instances, to reduced tissue energy deposition (

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Effects of substitution of tricaproin for tallow and of protein concentration in milk substitutes on nitrogen and energy balance in the preruminant lamb

Aurousseau¹

1988

Br J Nutr

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Composition of ewe's milk

Williams¹,

Bishop²,

Cockburn³

et al. 1976

Journal of Dairy Research

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Although the composition of cow's milk has been studied by many workers, there is relatively little published information on ewe's milk and information on its content of amino acids and B vitamins is sparse and incomplete.In the present study, determinations have been made of the major constituents of ewe's milk, of its amino acid composition and its content of 8 vitamins of the B-complex. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals and their management. Six 2-year-old Suffolk x Clun Forest ewes were used in the experiments. They were maintained on a high plane of nutrition with a daily diet of hay and concentrates (hay 1-1 kg; barley 320 g; flaked maize 160 g; bran 80 g, linseed oil cake 40 g) with added minerals and vitamins as described by Braithwaite, Glascock & Riazuddin (1969). The ewes were machine-milked twice daily and samples of the bulked morning and evening milks were stored at -20 C C to await analysis. Individual samples were taken from 3 of the ewes on the ninth, fourteenth and nineteenth days of lactation for the vitamin analyses.For all other analyses samples of milk taken from all 6 ewes on the second, twentyfirst and forty-ninth days of lactation were used. A composite sample of cow's milk from a bulk tank from the Institute's herd of Friesian cows was included for comparative purposes.Methods of analysis. Samples were analysed for fat content by the Gerber method (British Standards Institution, 1969), for total solids by drying at 100 °C, for total N by the Kjeldahl technique, for lactose by the chloramine-T method (British Standards Institution, 1963) and for ash after heating at 500-550 °C (British Standards Institution, 1963). Solids-not-fat content was calculated by difference. Assays for riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B 12 and folic acid were done as described by Ford et al. (1969) and those for nicotinic acid, biotin and pantothenic acid as described by Chapman et al. (1957). Vitamin B 6 was assayed as described by Gregory (1959). Most amino acids were determined, after hydrolysis by refmxing with 6 M-HC1 at 110 °C for 24 h, by the method of Spackman, Stein & Moore (1958) using a multichannel amino acid analyser (Evans Electroselenium Ltd, Halstead, Essex, England). Cystine and methionine were determined by the method of Moore (1963) using a JLC-5AH amino acid analyser (Jeolco, Tokyo, Japan). Tryptophan was determined by procedure C of Miller (1967). Amino acid analyses were carried out on whole milk and for the acid hydrolyses a large excess of 6 M-HC1 (1 ml/mg crude protein (CP)) was used to minimize destruction of amino acids due to carbohydrates and other organic constituents (Bigwood, 1960;Lindquist, 1966).

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Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35 d of age

Wilson

Leibholz

1981

Br J Nutr

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1.In two separate experiments, forty-two pigs weaned at 4-5 d of age were given diets containing milk or 2. The amino acid composition of the empty body of the pigs did not vary with age or sources of protein fed. 3. The nitrogen and amino acid contents of the empty body gain were calculated between 7 and 28, and 7 and 35 d of age. The retention of absorbed N was greater in pigs given a soya-bean meal (SBM) diet than in pigs given milk or isolated soya-bean protein (ISP) diets.4. The retention of total absorbed N was greater in pigs given a pelleted milk diet (0.72) than in pigs given a liquid milk diet (0.58).5. Methionine and threonine appeared to be the first two limiting amino acids, as indicated by their high incorporation into the empty body, for pigs given soya-bean proteins in Expt 3, while methionine and lysine were the first two limiting amino acids for pigs given ISP in Expt 4.6. The addition of methionine to diets in Expt 3 reduced the retention of absorbed methionine in the empty body by 43-76%. Lysine supplementation did not alter the retention of the absorbed lysine. 7. Retention of arginine, proline and glycine in the body was greater than the apparent absorption of each of these amino acids.soya-bean protein and slaughtered at 7, 28 or 35 d of age.The quality of a protein source to a pig depends to a large extent on how its amino acid content meets the requirements of the pig. The over-all efficiency of protein use is a function of protein quality, which is usually measured by the retention of N in relation to total N intake or absorbed N. This over-all efficiency is the sum of the efficiency of use of individual amino acids by the tissues, and should be measured under carefully controlled conditions for specific rates of growth or milk production.The levels of protein synthesis in the body tissues will influence to a great extent the utilization of dietary amino acids. The fractional retention of each amino acid absorbed into carcass gain should in theory be inversely related to its amount and availability in the diet. In rapidly-growing animals consuming diets containing sub-optimal amounts of a readily-digested protein, the most limiting amino acid would be expected to show the highest fractional retention.During the turnover of protein there will be an inevitable loss of amino acids to the animal, especially as the protein turnover in muscle is more rapid than protein deposition (Edmunds et al. 1978). Losses of histidine, lysine and proline may limit the amino acid supply for the resynthesis of protein, as they are partially converted to other compounds and excreted in the urine (Munro, 1970; Harris et al. 1977).The value for the amount of an amino acid recovered from the carcass gain: the amount consumed in the diet or absorbed from the small intestine should provide a valuable measure of the fractional retention of an amino acid by the tissues for protein synthesis.

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Methionine supplementation of milk proteins for preruminant lambs. II.* Effect on wool growth, liveweight gain and body composition

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of substitution of tricaproin for tallow and of protein concentration in milk substitutes on nitrogen and energy balance in the preruminant lamb

Effects of substitution of tricaproin for tallow and of protein concentration in milk substitutes on nitrogen and energy balance in the preruminant lamb

Composition of ewe's milk

Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35 d of age

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