Method development for rapid quantification of Rn-222 in surface water and groundwater

Gowing, Charles; Dinsley, James; Gallannaugh, Elizabeth L; Smedley, Pauline; Marriott, Andrew; Bowes, Michael J.; Green, Kay A.; Watts, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s10653-019-00335-1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Underground waters are important sources of drinking water worldwide. The necessity of implementing EU Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM led to increased demand for measurements of radon, as well as 226,228 Ra nuclides, in drinking water as potentially the main contributors to the total internal dose for the general public with regard to radioactive substances in water intended for human consumption (Gowing et al 2019 ; Vasile et al 2016 ). According to these recommendations, the so-called indicative reference value should not exceed 0.1 mSv per year (European Commission 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, of the several procedures described in the literature for direct indoor radon and radon in water measurements, liquid scintillation (LSC) still plays a leading role (Jobbágy et al 2017 ). This technique, which utilizes the high solubility of the gaseous Rn in aromatic solvents (common scintillation solvents), was introduced by Horrocks five decades ago (Horrocks and Studier 1964 ), and different versions are still published (Bem et al 1994 ; Cantaloub 2000 ; Cassette et al 2006 ; Gowing et al 2019 ; Idoeta et al 2018 ; Nikolov et al 2018 ; Prichard and Gesell 1977 ). In recent decades, a new class of liquid scintillation cocktails based on diisopropylnaphthalene with very low vapor pressure and excellent detection efficiency appeared on the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

Bem

Długosz‐Lisiecka

Mazurek-Rudnicka

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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European Union Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM recently sets out so-called indicator parameters for: radon, tritium and indicative dose of water intended for human consumption. The aim of this research was to elaborate an effective procedure for determination of radon and radium 226,228Ra isotopes (which are potentially the main contributors to the internal dose from drinking and cooking water) and to find the possible relationships between these radionuclides in underground water reservoirs and 222Rn concentration in the soil gas in their vicinity. The research was performed by applying a non-volatile and water-immiscible scintillation cocktail based on a pure diisopropylnaphthalene (Ultima Gold F: UGF), which allow for efficient radon extraction from 0.5 dm3 of water samples to 20 cm3 of scintillation phase and its direct determination with a detection limit of 5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3. The further preliminary concentration of 3 dm3 of crude water samples by evaporation to 0.5 dm3 samples led to the removal of all unsupported 222Rn activity and allowed the 226Ra determination via equivalent 222Rn detection after one-month samples storage using a low-background Triathler liquid scintillation counter in the α/β separation counting mode. Together with determination of 226Ra isotope in water samples, the simultaneous measurements of 228Ra and 222Rn radionuclides concentrations in water as well as 222Rn activity in the soil gas around the water supply sites were performed. The achieved limit of 226Ra detection was at a very low level of 10–3 Bq dm−3. The measured values of 226Ra concentration in 50 public underground water supply units for the Kalisz district of Poland were relatively low and ranged from below detection limit to 28.5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3 with arithmetic mean and median values of 12.9 and 12.2 × 10–3 Bq dm−3, respectively. Weak correlations were observed between activity concentrations of 226Ra and 222Rn in the crude water samples (R2 = 0.31) and 222Rn in water and its concentration in the nearby soil gas (R2 = 0.48).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

Bem

Długosz‐Lisiecka

Mazurek-Rudnicka

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Through Identification of Potential Contaminant

Sivakumar,

2024

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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Groundwater, is crucial for human consumption and industrial purposes, demands continuous monitoring to assess quality standards. This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality to assess its overall condition and identify potential contaminants. The research predicts the presence and levels of contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microbial agents using hydrogeological studies, chemical analysis, and statistical modelling. A covariance analysis identified places with low water quality. Analysis shows most samples satisfy drinking water requirements. A consolidated map illustrates a significant expanse suitable for domestic and drinking purposes, particularly in terms of drinking water quality. However, water quality in 2467.09 sq. km is deemed unacceptable. Further analysis, including correlation, ANOVA, and t-tests such as One Sample Test, Bayesian Statistics, and Power Analysis, identifies 836.87 sq. km under the category of maximum permissible water quality and 9.19 sq. km as highly desirable for drinking and domestic use.

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Method development for rapid quantification of Rn-222 in surface water and groundwater

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Through Identification of Potential Contaminant

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