Method for Comparing Percutaneous Absorption of Steroids

McKenzie, A L

doi:10.1001/archderm.1962.01590110044005

Cited by 600 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

212

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although most of our cases had the skin lesion on the face, the reaction to the treatment was found to be milder and slower on the trunk and extremities, especially on the lower extremities. Differences in the permeability and vascularity of the skin, associated with the absorption ability and wound healing, are suspected to be the main reasons responsible for the differences in skin reaction [15]. Therefore, at present, we are using 0.2% atRA-gel for the trunk and upper extremities and 0.4% atRA-gel for the lower extremities, with much better clinical results than with 0.1% atRA-gel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Bleaching Protocol for Hyperpigmented Skin Lesions with a High Concentration of All-trans Retinoic Acid Aqueous Gel

Harii¹,

Aoyama²,

Shibuya³

et al. 1999

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A new bleaching protocol for skin hyperpigmentation with a higher concentration of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) aqueous gel than those commercially available is introduced. AtRA aqueous gel (0.1%) was applied topically twice a day along with 4% hydroquinone, 7% lactic acid ointment to oriental patients with hyperpigmented lesions such as senile lentigines, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. The clinical results of 39 patients treated with 0.1% atRA aqueous gel were compared to those of 22 patients treated with 0.1% atRA hydrophilic ointment. Better clinical results and subjective satisfaction were obtained through a significantly shorter period of treatment with 0.1% atRA aqueous gel than with 0.1% atRA hydrophilic ointment, although side effects such as erythema and irritation were seen at a higher frequency. It is suggested that our bleaching protocol with a high concentration of atRA aqueous gel in combination with hydroquinone and lactic acid has a strong bleaching ability and a potential as a standard therapy for various kinds of skin lesions with hyperpigmentation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Bleaching Protocol for Hyperpigmented Skin Lesions with a High Concentration of All-trans Retinoic Acid Aqueous Gel

Harii¹,

Aoyama²,

Shibuya³

et al. 1999

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dermal glucocorticoid sensitivity was measured using the classic skin vasoconstrictor bioassay, 17 as previously described. 4,18 -21 In brief, 50 L of beclomethasone dipropionate (Sigma Chemical Co; at 0, 1, 5, 10, 100, or 1000 g/mL in 95% ethanol) was applied in random order to circles of 14 mm diameter on the volar surface of the nondominant forearm.…”

Section: Dermal Vasoconstrictor Sensitivity To Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Glucocorticoid Activity in Men With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The association between hypertension and insulin resistance might be explained by increased activity of the principal glucocorticoid, cortisol. Recent data show that the intensity of dermal vasoconstriction after topical application of glucocorticoids is increased in patients with essential hypertension. In this report, we examine whether increased glucocorticoid sensitivity or secretion is associated with insulin resistance and is a cause or consequence of hypertension. We studied 32 men (aged 47 to 56 years) from a cross-sectional study and 105 men (aged 23 to 33 years) in whom predisposition to high blood pressure has been defined by their own blood pressure and the blood pressures of their parents. In both populations, increased dermal glucocorticoid sensitivity was associated with relative hypertension, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. In young men with higher blood pressure whose parents also had high blood pressure, enhanced glucocorticoid sensitivity was accompanied by enhanced secretion of cortisol, enhanced ligand-binding affinities for dexamethasone in leukocytes, and impaired conversion of cortisol to inactive metabolites (cortisone and 5␤-dihydrocortisol). Increased tissue sensitivity to cortisol, amplified by enhanced secretion of cortisol, is a feature of the familial predisposition to high blood pressure rather than a secondary effect of high blood pressure. It may be mediated by an abnormal glucocorticoid receptor, and it may contribute to the association between hypertension and insulin resistance. (Hypertension. 1998;31:891-895.)Key Words: receptors, corticosteroid Ⅲ adrenal cortex hormones Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ insulin Ⅲ blood vessels M any patients with atheromatous disease have identifiable risk factors, including hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and central obesity. These risk factors often occur together, 1 but the reason for their association is not clear. The same list of abnormalities can be reproduced in Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive activity of glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol. In health, the activity of cortisol is determined by a combination of factors, including secretion rate from the adrenal, metabolic clearance rate, and tissue sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that these factors may be abnormal in patients with essential hypertension, in whom impaired metabolism of cortisol 2,3 is accompanied by increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids in the skin. 4 Similarly, in inbred rats with hypertension, glucocorticoid metabolism is impaired 5 and sensitivity of mesenteric vessels to dexamethasone is enhanced. 6 In addition, in rats and humans, polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene have been linked with high blood pressure 7,8 and insulin resistance. The aims of the present studies were to establish whether abnormalities of glucocorticoid secretion, metabolism, or tissue sensitivity are (1) associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and obesity and (2) likely to be a cause or consequence of hyp...

show abstract

“…Currently, the standard screening test to rank the relative antiinflammatory potencies and tissue bioavailabilities of corticosteroids is the McKenzie "skin blanching" test [41]. This test is based on the ability of corticosteroids to cause vasoconstriction in the skin after topical application [42], a phenomenon that is similar to the observed rapid vasoconstriction in the human bronchial mucosa [21].…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%