Method for predicting the performance of an internal combustion engine fuelled by producer gas and other low heating value gases

Fluixá, Francisco V. Tinaut; Melgar, Andrés; Horrillo, Alfonso; Rosa, Ana Díez de la

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.08.009

Cited by 75 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It can be seen in Figure 10 how different the Silopren E 3078 spectra are in comparison with the engine oil used in the engine, except in the 1090 -1020 cm -1 band. The main component of the Silopren E 3078 is the [(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] x which is characterized by two strong bands in different spectral positions of 1090 and 1020 cm -1 with similar absorbance amplitude [23][24][25]. Therefore it can be concluded that the mineral engine oil used was contaminated with the organ-osilicon compound with a polidimetil siloxane structure [(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] x .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of damage caused by siloxanes in stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with landfill gas

Alvarez-Florez

Egusquiza

2015

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Failures in reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with landfill gas are not uncommon. In general, damage is located in the combustion chamber surfaces and in the ring grooves, where a layer of non-volatile combustion products is deposited. These deposits attached to the surfaces reduce heat transfer and increase inner temperature, which produces a knocking phenomena damaging the crank bearings and fusing of the piston head material. Lubrication problems also appear due to the formation of a layer of soft paste silicone deposits in the rings grooves, which increases friction losses and accelerates wear on cylinder and rings. In this paper, some typical examples of damaged engines are presented. The deposits found were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Additionally, the engine oil used was also analysed by Infra-Red Spectrometry (IR) and the results were compared with known organo-compounds. A method to detect incipient failure caused by organo-compounds contained in landfill gas is introduced. Silica appears in the layers covering the combustion chamber, as well as silicone compound in the top cylinder zone, piston and ring grooves. Damage is associated with siloxanes (organo-silicon compounds) contained in the landfill gas, which decompose in the combustion chamber, generating silicic acid and formaldehyde under the high temperature conditions throughout the combustion processes. Dear EditorThank you for agreeing to review the following manuscript, we would like to thank also the reviewers for the previously received comments. We want to extend our appreciation for taking the time and effort necessary to provide such guidance.As suggested by the editor a throughout revision of the paper has been carried out and the comments of the reviewer has been 100 % included in the current version of the manuscript. All changes on the original version of the manuscript appear in red in the current version.The reviewer commented the first half of manuscript, but his recommendations have been extended to the whole manuscript. Reviewer: 1 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS TO THE AUTHOR:The new Research Highlights according the magazine rules has been uploaded. Yours sincerelyJesus Alvarez-Florez *Detailed Response to Reviewers HighlightsThe main types of damage found in ICE using landfill gas have been studied Combustion of fuel with siloxanes produces two types of residues Residues attach to combustion chamber surfaces reducing the heat transfer Residues also attach to piston ring grooves causing lubrication problems A method to prevent damage based in engine oil IR analysis is presented ABSTRACTFailures in reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with landfill gas are not uncommon. In general, damage is located in the combustion chamber surfaces and in the ring grooves, where a layer of non-volatile combustion products is deposited. These deposits attached to the surfaces reduce heat transfer and increase inner temperature, which produces a k...

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of these new gas fuels fluctuates due to different reasons [1]. Consequently the RICE used require capacity to operate with the variations in the chemical composition of these new fuels [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of damage caused by siloxanes in stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with landfill gas

Alvarez-Florez

Egusquiza

2015

Engineering Failure Analysis

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“…The engine fuel quality (EFQ) is related to the heating value (LHVpg) of the PG, the fuel-to-air stoichiometric ratio (Fstq,pg), and the air mole fraction in the PG-air mixture (Yair) (Tinaut et al 2006), see Eqs. 12 and 13.…”

Section: Cold Gas Efficiency and Engine Fuel Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Torrefied Wood Biomass under an Oxidizing Environment in a Downdraft Gasification Process

Ramos-Carmona

Pérez

2017

BioResources

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The effect of composition and heating value of torrefied biomass under an oxidizing atmosphere at different conditions (180, 210, and 240 °C during 30, 75, and 120 minutes) was studied relative to downdraft gasification performance. An extended model for gasification in thermochemical equilibrium was used to evaluate the effect of pretreated biomasses, fuelto-air equivalence ratio, and char byproduct production on the producer gas composition, reaction temperature, cold gas efficiency (CGE), and the engine fuel quality (EFQ). The model was validated with experimental data, reaching a global relative error of 8.5%. For raw or torrefied biomasses, with regard to char production, the CGE decreases if char increases; this is due to the fact that the process tends to combustion regimes when a lower amount of carbon is involved in the gasification reaction. Otherwise, the CGE and EFQ increase (up to 80% and 2.5 MJ/kg, respectively) if fuel-to-air ratio increases. With regard to the torrefied biomass, it is highlighted that CGE and EFQ increase from 77% to 82% and from 2.2 MJ/kg to 2.5 MJ/kg, respectively, when the torrefaction conditions (temperature and/or time) increase. This behavior is related to the increase of the autothermal zones in the gasification process and due to the higher heating value of torrefied biomass.

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“…Tinaut et al (2006) and they found that the characteristics of the gasification gas that affect the most quantitatively the engine power are the heating value, the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and the volume correction factor. Also two zone thermodynamic model predicts the engine performance which includes the fraction of mass burned, the pressure and temperature evolution and the pollutant emissions.…”

Section: Review Of Past Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technical Review of Producer Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine

Ranjitsinh¹,

Iyer²

2015

Int. Jour. Appl. Bio-Eng.

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This paper describes the current state of available gasification technology for utilizing producer gas for I.C engine application & different ways to optimize the performance. Producer gas is promising alternative fuel to meet energy demand in many countries which is defined as gas generation from solid waste through thermo chemical conversion route (also termed as gasification) can be used for fuelling a compression ignition (CI) engine in duel fuel mode or a spark ignition (SI) engine in the gas alone mode. This technology is also environmentally benign and holds large promise for the future. This paper summarizes the work conducted using biomass derived producer gas in reciprocating internal combustion engines. Survey in the field of producer gas based engines reveals modest research work have been carried out since the inception of biomass/ charcoal gasification systems. Producer gas contains a large fraction of inert (> 50%) and with laminar burning velocity being high (due to presence of H2), smooth operation at higher Compression ratio does not seem impossible. These aspects are very vital in establishing the fact that close to comparable power (with a lesser extent of de-rating 15-20%) with producer gas by operating in engine at higher compression ratio. This could be attributed to two reasons, namely non-availability of standard gasification system that could generate consistent quality producer gas and the other relating to misconceptions about producer gas (related to compression ratio limitation due to knock tendency and de-rating). The knock tendency can be expected to be better on account of large fraction of inert gas as compared to natural gas. However, there has not been any research on octane rating test conducted on producer gas fuel and moreover it is not clear if any established test procedure exists for producer gas like the methane number test for natural gas and biogas. De-rating could be due to reduction in the mixture energy density and the product-toreactant mole ratio. If one were to summarize earlier studies, it becomes evident that no systematic investigation has been attempted so far in identifying if limitation of knock exists with producer gas operation at compression ratio comparable with the diesel engine operation.

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Method for predicting the performance of an internal combustion engine fuelled by producer gas and other low heating value gases

Cited by 75 publications

References 10 publications

Analysis of damage caused by siloxanes in stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with landfill gas

Analysis of damage caused by siloxanes in stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with landfill gas

Effect of Torrefied Wood Biomass under an Oxidizing Environment in a Downdraft Gasification Process

A Technical Review of Producer Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine

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