Method for sampling and determination of organic carbonyl compounds in automobile exhaust

Fracchia, Mario F.; Schuette, Fred J.; Mueller, Peter

doi:10.1021/es60011a002

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Generally, bubblers are efficient up to gas flows of about l lmin -~, [4] which, in view of the expected concentrations in exhaust gases will be ample in our work. The difference between fritted or plain bubblers is important in marginal cases only.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Problems also arise in the interpretation of the results from the variety of sampling techniques, testing methods, engines, fuels and combustion conditions and valid comparisons are therefore difficult. In general, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] the concentration of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of petrol driven cars is 10-70ppmv although catalytic exhaust control reduces this to about 1 ppmv or less. For diesel cars concentrations tend to be lower, whereas oxygenated fuels give higher concentrations.…”

Section: Occurrence and Measurement Of Aldehydes In Exhaust Cases Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The determination of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of LPG fuelled engines

et al. 1988

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SummaryThe exhaust gas of a LPG fuelled engine is drawn through two bubblers in series in an ice bath, and filled with saturated 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 2M HCI. After heating the derivatives are extracted with toluene-cyclohexane and l gl samples injected "on-column" on a OVl capillary Column. Using an FID the lower limit of detection is 15-18pg for formaldehyde (about 8--10 ppbv for a 161 exhaust sample). Taking the blank into account, the limit is about 40ppbv.The exhaust gases of a LPG-fuelled engine contain formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein and acetone. Carbonyl compounds of more than 3 C-atoms were not found in detectable amounts. The engine was fund under stoichiometric, lean and rich air/fuel conditions. Under rich conditions the concentrations of the aldehydes were: formaldehyde 2.8ppm, acetaldehyde 1.3 ppm, propionaldehyde 0.06 ppm, acrolein 0.03 ppm, acetone 0.17ppm; under stoichiometric conditions: 4.5, 1.6, 0.10, 0.03 and 0.18ppm respectively; under lean conditions 17.0, 2.9, 0.13, 0.07 and O.27ppm respectively. These figures demonstrate the necessity of measuring aldehydes in exhaust gases of LPG-fuelled engines.lean misfire limit of an LPG-fuelled engine extends well beyond the limit with gasoline and can be used to achieve low emission levels of regulated pollutants (hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide). However, the problem of obtaining a suitable LPG engine with proper carburation and ignition design, hinders full utilization of LPG as a "clean" motor fuel. Moreover, the use of LPG as a motor fuel depends largely on the fuel tax policy of the various countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Occurrence and Measurement Of Aldehydes In Exhaust Cases Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of LPG fuelled engines

et al. 1988

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“…Other procedures for aldehydes have made use of the separation of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, and analysis by gas chromatography. 4 The procedure is time consuming, involving several separation steps, and is not suitable for routine analysis of large numbers of samples.…”

Section: Compounds From Source Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Collection and Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Carbonyl Compounds from Source Effluents

Levaggi¹,

Feldstein²

1969

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…To date, the method most frequently used for the sampling of volatile aldehydes involves the use of liquid absorbing solutions with bisulfite or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in impinger flasks (5,7,12,17,20,22,28). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain higher sensitivity, the formation of hydrazones, which can be used both for GC and HPLC analysis, has been utilized. The most frequently used are the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (1,4,5,7,9,12,13,16,19,20,23,24,26,28,29,30), but pentafluorophenylhydrazones (8,15) and, for HPLC, the dansylhydrazones (6,12) have also been demonstrated to be useful.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%