Method for surface coating of octahdro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine with submicron 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene

Tan, Xuerong; Duan, Xiaohui; Li, Hongzhen; Pei, Chonghua

doi:10.1049/mnl.2015.0265

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…All the theoretical calculations were run with the Forcite module of the commercial molecular modeling software package Materials Studio 6.0, using the Compass 27 in Compass force field. , The unit cells of ε-CL-20, β-CL-20, β-HMX, and CL-20/HMX cocrystal were built according to the crystal parameters derived from CCDC (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre). The deposition numbers are as follows: β-HMX (CCDC: 673524), ε-CL-20 (CCDC: 117779), β-CL-20 (CCDC: 117777), α-CL-20 (CCDC: 117776), and CL-20/HMX cocrystal (CCDC: 875458) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions from Separately Crystallized CL-20 and HMX to CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Based on Solvent Media

Sun

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

Crystal Growth & Design

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Cocrystallization is a helpful method for explosives improvement. However, lack of knowledge of the formation mechanism leads to low efficiency in cocrystal preparation. In order to enhance the understanding of the cocrystal formation mechanism, the formation process of CL-20/HMX cocrystals are investigated by using the X-ray diffraction qualitative/quantitative analysis and scanning electron microscopy methods in anhydrous acetone, acetone/ H 2 O solvent, and slightly soluble-medium transition experiments. We find that the formation process of CL-20/HMX cocrystal experiences significant phase transition from CL-20 and HMX separated precipitations to CL-20/HMX cocrystal in acetone solvent, and also in slightly soluble medium. The solvent media and tiny active secondary nuclei are necessary in the phase transition process. On the basis of this paper, we have a more profound understanding of the formation mechanism of cocrystals. It is helpful to select more suitable experimental conditions and make access to excellent cocrystals more efficient.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions from Separately Crystallized CL-20 and HMX to CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Based on Solvent Media

Sun

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…HMX is the elemental explosive produced with the highest detonation velocity and the best comprehensive properties [1]. Its good thermal stability and the high melting point not only can make it be used as ammunition alone or mixed with TNT for high power missile warheads and rockets but also can replace ammonium perchlorate as the propellant oxidizer [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F₂₆₀₂ Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Hou

Jia

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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A new one-step granulation process for preparing high melting explosive-(HMX-) based PBX was developed. HMX/F 2602 microspheres were successfully prepared by using HMX and F 2602 as the main explosive and binder, respectively. The particle morphology, particle size, crystal structure, thermal stability, and impact sensitivity of the as-prepared HMX/F 2602 microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and impact sensitivity test, respectively. The SEM analysis indicated successful coating of F 2602 on the surface of HMX, and the resulting particles are ellipsoidal or spherical with a median particle size of 940 nm; the XRD analysis did not show any change in the crystal structure after the coating and still has -HNX crystal structure; according to the DSC analysis, HMX/F 2602 prepared by the new method has better thermal stability compared to that prepared by the water suspension process. The impact sensitivity of HMX/F 2602 prepared by this one-step granulation process decreased, and its characteristic height H 50 increased from 37.62 to 40.13 cm, thus significantly improving the safety performance. More importantly, this method does not need the freeze-drying process after recrystallization, thus increasing the efficiency by 2 to 3 times.

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“…[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In terms of the six-oxygen cavity size (cavity size 1.38 Å) and shape of 18C6, it can easily anchor NH 4 + with a relative diameter of 1.48 Å. 37 The case is the same for benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) and dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), although the cavity size is reduced by the addition of a phenyl ring which imparts rigidity to the crown moiety, the average cavity sizes for B18C6 and DB18C are less than that of 18C6. 38 Making use of this recognition and self-assembly of crown ethers and ligands, the 1 : 1 cocrystal of ammonium nitrate (AN)-B18C6 was produced using the antisolvent precipitation method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate with a series of crown ethers: preparation, structures, and properties

et al. 2016

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Three cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with a series of crown ethers have been prepared successfully through the solvent/antisolvent method, including 18-crown-6 (18C6), benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), and dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6). Crystal structures of the three cocrystals characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXD) reveal that all the cocrystals belong to the monoclinic system, in which the space group of the 1 : 1 cocrystal of AP/18C6 and AP/B18C6 is P2 1 /n, P2 1 /c for the 1 : 1.5 cocrystal of AP/DB18C6. The main intermolecular interactions in the three cocrystals are hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses have been performed to scrutinize the purity of all the crystals. The water contact angles of the three cocrystals were measured to be 23.3°(AP/18C6), 25.4°( AP/B18C6), and 75.4°(AP/DB18C6), increasing with the number of phenyl groups connected to the crown ether, and the surface energy of the three cocrystals are greatly decreased compared to AP. The thermal properties of the cocrystals were investigated by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and hot-stage optical microscopy (HSOM). The results indicate that the decomposition peak temperatures of the three cocrystals are greatly decreased compared to that of pure AP. In particular, the heat release increases from 475.5 J g −1 of AP to 1304.2 J g −1 for AP/B18C6 and 1488.4 J g −1 for AP/ DB18C6. So, through carefully choosing the co-former of AP, cocrystallization can comprehensively tune the hygroscopicity and the thermal decomposition property of AP.

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Method for surface coating of octahdro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine with submicron 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Transitions from Separately Crystallized CL-20 and HMX to CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Based on Solvent Media

Transitions from Separately Crystallized CL-20 and HMX to CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Based on Solvent Media

Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F₂₆₀₂ Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate with a series of crown ethers: preparation, structures, and properties

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Method for surface coating of octahdro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine with submicron 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Transitions from Separately Crystallized CL-20 and HMX to CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Based on Solvent Media

Transitions from Separately Crystallized CL-20 and HMX to CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Based on Solvent Media

Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F2602 Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate with a series of crown ethers: preparation, structures, and properties

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Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F₂₆₀₂ Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process