Method Including Power Grid Model and Route Simulation to Aid Planning and Operation of an Electric Bus Fleet

Ranta, Mikaela; Karvonen, Veikko; Potter, James J.; Pasonen, Riku; Pursiheimo, Esa; Halmeaho, Teemu; Ponomarev, Pavel; Pihlatie, Mikko

doi:10.1109/vppc.2016.7791724

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The energy consumption of electric trucks was evaluated by means of simulations. For this purpose, the VTT's in-house simulation platform 'Smart eFleet', originally developed for urban buses [16] and validated based on measurements in [17], was utilised. The simulation platform models the longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle travelling on a specific route.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Emission Truck Powertrains for Regional and Long-Haul Missions

Pihlatie,

Ranta,

Rahkola

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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Zero-emission trucks for regional and long-haul missions are an option for fossil-free freight. The viability of such powertrains and system solutions was studied conceptually in project ESCALATE for trucks with GVW of 40 tonnes and beyond through various battery electric and fuel cell prime mover combinations. The study covers battery and fuel cell power sources with different degrees of battery electric as well as H2 and fuel cell operation. As a design basis, two different missions with a single-charge/H2 refill were analysed. The first mission was the VECTO long-haul profile repeated up to 750 km, whereas the second was a real 520 km on-road mission in Finland. Based on the simulated energy consumption on the driving cycle, on-board energy demand was estimated, and the initial single-charge and H2 refill operational scenarios were produced with five different power source topologies and on-board storage capacities. The traction motors of the tractor were dimensioned so that a secondary mission of GVW up to 76 tonnes on a shorter route or a longer route with more frequent battery recharge and/or H2 refill can be operated. Based on the powertrain and vehicle model, various infrastructure options for charging and H2 refuelling strategies as well as various operative scenarios with indicative total cost of ownership (TCO) were analysed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Emission Truck Powertrains for Regional and Long-Haul Missions

Pihlatie,

Ranta,

Rahkola

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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“…With the developed methodology, it is possible to analyse varying vehicle profiles, operation environments and infrastructures by taking geographical aspects, such as topography, into account alongside mechanical and electrical capabilities. The toolbox has been validated, for instance, in realistic heavy-duty operation cases for electric buses using measured data from a chassis dynamometer [16] and real-life [17,18] experiments.…”

Section: Simulation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Comparative Assessment of a Multi-Speed Transmission for an E-Retrofitted Heavy-Duty Truck

et al. 2022

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Electric retrofitting (e-retrofitting) is a viable option for accelerating the renewal of heavy-duty vehicle fleets to reduce the related emissions. We introduce a simulation-based assessment of e-retrofitting strategies for heavy-duty vehicles. Our simulation tool, an electric vehicle fleet simulation toolbox, comprises three modules, namely driving cycles, vehicle dynamics, and vehicle profiles. The first allows for the creation of realistic driving cycles based on GPS data from real routes. The vehicle dynamics and vehicle profiles incorporate, e.g., the modelling of the powertrain and driving conditions. Ten realistic driving cycles were created and used for investigating and comparing three different powertrain alternatives, including the original diesel powertrain, electric with a single-speed transmission and electric with a multi-speed transmission. The vehicles were simulated in two different heavy-load scenarios. First, driving with a cargo load represented by the maximum vehicle weight and second, driving with snow ploughing. We found that the multi-speed transmission in an electric heavy-duty truck significantly improved its traction performance and gradeability. On the other hand, the effect on the electric powertrain efficiency, and thereby on the energy consumption, remained rather minor. Considering the given workload scenarios, our results advocate employing rather than omitting the gearbox in the e-retrofit truck process.

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“…The proposed prediction model was validated for a selected bus line of Helsinki, Finland. The line 11 operating from Tapiola to Friisilä in Espoo was chosen for validation of the model [48]. The details of the buses operating in that route are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Numerical Analysis 41 Bus Network and Charging Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Charging Demand of Electric City Buses of Helsinki, Finland by Random Forest

Deb

Gao

2022

Energies

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Climate change, global warming, pollution, and energy crisis are the major growing concerns of this era, which have initiated the electrification of transport. The electrification of roadway transport has the potential to drastically reduce pollution and the growing demand for energy and to increase the load demand of the power grid, thereby giving a rise to technological and commercial challenges. Thus, charging load prediction is a crucial and demanding issue for maintaining the security and stability of power systems. During recent years, random forest has gained a lot of popularity as a powerful machine learning technique for classification as well as regression analysis. This work develops a random forest (RF)-based approach for predicting charging demand. The proposed method is validated for the prediction of public e-bus charging demand in the city of Helsinki, Finland. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.

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Method Including Power Grid Model and Route Simulation to Aid Planning and Operation of an Electric Bus Fleet

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Zero-Emission Truck Powertrains for Regional and Long-Haul Missions

Zero-Emission Truck Powertrains for Regional and Long-Haul Missions

Simulation-Based Comparative Assessment of a Multi-Speed Transmission for an E-Retrofitted Heavy-Duty Truck

Prediction of Charging Demand of Electric City Buses of Helsinki, Finland by Random Forest

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