Method of Aluminum Salts Extraction from Wastewater Using Desalination Technology: Syr Darya River Case Study1

Abstract

The Aral Sea Region is characterized by being a very demanding consumer of industrial wastewater treatment. We studied the effects of various pretreatment methods on aluminum production. This method can be used as an alternative one in industrial wastewater treatment. The aim of multi-year study is to explore a nanofiltration as a one of the most attractive technologies for this application since nanofiltration membranes can retain ions and small organic molecules from an aqueous solution. But it is also very challenging due to the presence of salts and operating problems such as fouling, salt deposition, etc. Result becomes available thank to experimental set-up based on an ion exchange and a reverse osmosis. Results are also verified by evaluation tests and field applications showing their usage and wastewater conversion efficiency. The technological scheme includes combined water treatment plant using desalination technology and additional block functioning for an aluminum production and a temporary storage. Aluminum is to be produced of the Syr Darya river rich of it with the help of cutting-edge technology of oxide film removal and cartridge packing. This work evaluates the use of aluminum accumulated in the reaction unit by means of aluminum powder plus water module to reduce the pollutant contents of industrial wastewater quickly and effectively. The invention makes it possible to reduce the cost of aluminum by 3-4 times. Energy consumption of the desalination process was also discussed. Extracted aluminum is a superior material for industry. The high activity of aluminum to water is prohibited by a thin layer of aluminum oxide on its surface. The water treatment system with a combined phase purification and desalination may contribute up to 50 per cent to meeting the reduction of energy consumption for end product (aluminum).

Study on the modernisation of an extra-worn district heating (DH) system in Russia: low temperature DH and 4 more options processing

“…The tool can be used as a base for development by putting ideas on the network elements and researching a case that could minimize distribution losses, production costs and primary energy [30]. The main limitation of the results of study is the fact that the investments and technical challenges of the energy renovations in the buildings were not taken into consideration [31].…”

Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand

“…The heat load profiles obtained here may be used as input for a simulation of a DH substation, including a heat pump [19] and a tank for thermal energy storage [6]. It should also be mentioned that a DH operator may also vary this temperature on an annual level [20], but it is expected to be close to the suggested value [21]. The different deviation values may be accomplished by changing the ratio of loads between only-heated and DHW-supplied buildings [22].…”

Comparing strategies for improving thermal performance of an existing district heating (DH) network: low temperature DH in Omsk, Russia

“…The most significant seasons for energy saving, are spring and fall due to that most of the time ground heat can be used as a single source for the operating of a heat pump. And the lowest energy saving presents in January, the coldest period in Russia [23]. During that time, most of high-cost heat generated by a DH plant is supplied into their own buildings but not from a heat pump [24].…”