Method of cavitation-suppressed exposure of cells and explant mouse embryos to clinical real-time and pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

Madsen, Ernest L.; Frank, Gary R.; Macdonald, M C; Martın, Alice O.; Bouck, Noël; Iannaccone, Philip M.

doi:10.7863/jum.1991.10.11.629

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The exposure method and apparatus are described in detail in a companion article. 13 Significant features of the apparatus and method are summarized below.…”

Section: Sonography Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to peak compressional and rarefactional acoustic pressures, values for the spatial average-temporal average (SA TA) and spatial average-pulse average (SAPA) intensities were determined for each exposure situation and are presented in a companion IANNACCONE ET AL 661 paper. 13 (An exposure situation consists of a given scanner make and model, the power output setting, and the particular scanning head employed.) The method of data acquisition and reduction employed to determine these SAT A and SAP A values are described elsewhere.…”

Section: Exposure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of measurement of attenuation values involves through-transmission water displacement. 13 It is important that artifactual sources of damage to the exposed blastocysts did not occur. It is possible that the ultrasonic beams involved could cause cavitation in the material in which the embryos are suspended, and such cavitation could be deleterious to the embryos.…”

Section: Sonography Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 (An exposure situation consists of a given scanner make and model, the power output setting, and the particular scanning head employed.) The method of data acquisition and reduction employed to determine these SAT A and SAP A values are described elsewhere.…”

Section: Exposure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure was performed in a large agar block sub· merged in water, as described elsewhere. 13 The embryos were maintained in sterile environments. After the exposure to sonography the blastocysts were re· covered and placed in PBl medium without methylcellulose and then transferred to the uterus of a pseu• dopregnant surrogate mother.…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of preimplantation sonographic exposure in postimplantation development and pregnancy outcome.

Iannaccone

Gorder²,

Madsen³

et al. 1991

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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To determine what, if any, effects exposure to ultrasonic beams has on preimplantation embryos we iso· lated mouse blastocysts and assessed resorption rate, pregnancy rate, decidual swelling volume, and live birth rate after in vitro exposure with subsequent transfer to surrogate mothers. The blastocyst stage embryos were isolated by flushing the uteri of pregnant animals with a phosphate buffered medium. Blastocysts at a discrete stage of development were pooled and transferred to a PBl ·methykellulose medium. This medium is specifically designed to maintain the embryos in a high viscosity solution during the sonographic expo· sure to prevent microcavitation. After the exposure, the embryos were washed free of methylcellulose and T he commonly held notion that the preimplantation embryo is safe from the noxious effects of chemical disruption has been shown to be an oversimplification. u The blastocyst stage of the preimplantation embryogenesis is a period of critical genetic determination and differentiation? It is incorrect to assume that this period is not susceptible to subtle nonlethal mutations that may result in poor pregnancy outcome, including dysmorphogenesis.4-B Recently our group and others have confirmed that transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant surrogate mothers. A total of 660 blastocyst stage embryos were distributed among seven treatment groups. After exposure, the embryos were transferred to 54 surrogate mothers. A total of 199 embryos were implanted successfully for postimplantation evaluation. An additional 427 blastocysts were distributed among four treatment groups and transferred to 46 surrogate moth· ers to assess the effect of sonographic exposure on birth rate. The results indicate possible deleterious effects (decreased implantation rate, increased resorption rate, decreased decidual swelling volume, and increased stillbirth rate) of short ultrasonic exposures (1 min and 5 min) on mouse blastocyst function.exposure to methylnitrosourea (MNU), a direct-acting mutagen, can result in significant postimplantation dysmorphogenesis after exposure in the preimplantation stage-that is, during middle to late gestation but Jong after the exposure.

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“…The exposure method and apparatus are described in detail in a companion article. 13 Significant features of the apparatus and method are summarized below.…”

Section: Sonography Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sonography Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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