Method of feeding a liquid-protein supplement with low- to medium-quality hay affects hay waste and cow performance

Walker, R.S.; LaMay, D.; Davis, J.; Bandyk, C.A.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30277-1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Males (1987) reported that natural protein sources were more effective than non-protein nitrogen sources by providing more amino acids as well as higher peptide contents when high levels of wheat straw are fed to growing beef cattle. Soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) are solid natural protein sources and have not been compared with a liquid protein source, although some studies have evaluated the availability of liquid protein feeds in the rumen (Elwakeel et al ., 2007) and evaluated the inclusion of liquid protein feeds in animal diets (Schingoenthe, 1976; Bowman et al ., 1995; Walker et al ., 2013). However, there is a lack of data regarding the inclusion of liquid protein in the diets of animals fed with a low-quality forage diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

et al. 2019

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The present study was conducted to assess the inclusion of liquid protein feed (maize steep liquor; MSL) in growing lambs fed low-quality forage (400 g/kg wheat straw, dry mater basis) compared with two protein sources (soybean meal; SBM, and cottonseed meal; CSM). Eighteen male Farahani lambs, average body weight 36 ± 3.3 kg, were allocated to individual pens for 9 weeks. Three protein sources were: (1) MSL; (2) SBM and (3) CSM. Feed intakes did not differ among treatments. Growth rate and feed conversion ratio were improved in SBM-fed lambs. Nitrogen efficiency was improved in MSL v. CSM-fed lambs. Digestibility of fibre was enhanced in lambs fed SBM diet. Ruminal short chain fatty acid was highest in lambs fed SMB and lowest in lambs fed CSM. The urinary allantoin concentration was greater in SBM-fed lambs, with improved microbial crude protein synthesis. Blood urea nitrogen tended to be reduced in SBM-fed lambs. Dressing percentage improved in SBM-fed lambs. Lambs fed with SBM also grew faster and more efficiently than lambs fed either of the other two diets. However, regardless of the positive effects of SBM on the performance and ruminal fermentation profile observed in the current study, the MSL diet could be a profitable protein source in comparison to CSM in growing lambs fed low-quality forage. In conclusion, the present study indicates a positive outlook for feeding a liquid protein source to growing lambs fed low-quality forage such as wheat straw.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

et al. 2019

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“…Feeding cows CS in a tire or BP on the pen surface led to intermediate hay intake, which was greater ( P ≤ 0.05) than that by cows fed BP delivered in a bunk. Walker et al (2013) , in two studies, reported no difference in hay intake by cows in their last trimester of gestation fed bermudagrass hay ad libitum and supplemented with liquid protein through a lick tank or applied to the round bale or fed dried distillers grains daily ( DDGS ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding BP in a tire resulted in the lowest ( P ≤ 0.024) hay waste, which was similar to that from CTRL cows; energy supplement waste by cows fed BP-TIRE was similar ( P = 0.781) to that from BP-BUNK but tended to differ from that of cows fed CS-TIRE ( P ≤ 0.078) and CS-BUNK ( P = 0.076). Similarly, hay waste was intermediate for cows supplemented with DDGS, greatest for cows fed a liquid supplement free choice, and lowest for cows fed liquid-supplement-treated hay bales ( Walker et al, 2013 ). In a subsequent experiment, Walker et al (2013) reported that hay waste was greater for cows fed a liquid protein supplement in a lick tank with access to bermudagrass hay than for those fed the same supplement poured into hay bales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, hay waste was intermediate for cows supplemented with DDGS, greatest for cows fed a liquid supplement free choice, and lowest for cows fed liquid-supplement-treated hay bales ( Walker et al, 2013 ). In a subsequent experiment, Walker et al (2013) reported that hay waste was greater for cows fed a liquid protein supplement in a lick tank with access to bermudagrass hay than for those fed the same supplement poured into hay bales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of hay feeding method, supplement moisture, or access time on intake and waste by beef cows

Jaderborg

Bird

Crawford

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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Experiments were performed to determine effects of feeding method and hay processing (Experiment 1), energy supplement moisture content and feeding method (Experiment 2), and access time to hay (Experiment 3) on cow body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI) and hay or energy supplement intake and waste. Experiment 1 was designed as a 4 x 4 Latin Square using 48 multiparous, late-gestating, Angus cows (626 kg initial BW). Cows were stratified by age and BW into four treatment groups (n = 12 cows/group); treatment groups were then initially assigned randomly to treatments in a sequence of preset Latin Square periods. In Experiment 1, round bales were processed and delivered on the pen surface or in a bunk, or left unprocessed and delivered in a hay ring or rolled out on the pen surface. Experiment 2 was designed as a 6 x 6 Latin Square utilizing 54 multiparous, late-gestating, Angus cows (616 kg initial BW). Cows were stratified by age and BW into treatment groups (n = 9 cows/group); treatment groups were then initially assigned randomly to treatments in a sequence of preset Latin Square periods. In Experiment 2, corn screenings (CS) or wet beet pulp (BP) were fed in a structure (inverted tire or bunk) or BP only on the pen surface. Experiment 3 was designed as a replicated 3 x 3 Latin Square utilizing 24 multiparous, late-gestating, Angus cows (584 kg initial BW). Cows were stratified by age and BW into treatment groups (n = 8 cows/group); treatment groups were then initially assigned randomly to treatments in a sequence of preset Latin Square periods. In Experiment 3, cows were permitted access to round-bales in a hay ring for 6, 14, or 24 h. In Experiment 1, hay DMI was not affected (P ≥ 0.579). Hay waste was greater (P ≤ 0.007) when hay, processed or not, was fed on the pen surface. In Experiment 2, hay DMI was greatest (P ≤ 0.011) for cows fed no supplement and those fed CS in a bunk. Feeding BP in a bunk led to the greatest (P ≤ 0.003) hay waste. In Experiment 3, cows permitted 6-h access consumed and wasted less (P < 0.001) hay compared with those permitted longer access; BW was unaffected (P ≥ 0.870). In these experiments, cows fed hay on the pen surface, processed or not, achieved similar DMI as those fed in a ring or bunk, but wasted more hay. Delivering BP in a bunk or on the pen surface increased hay and supplement waste, respectively. Controlling access to hay reduced DMI and waste while maintaining cow BW.

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“…When cattle were fed tall fescue (7.5% CP; 36% ADF) in round feeders with bottom paneling similar to the feeders in the present study, but with tapered sides, they wasted 13.6% and refused another 13.5% of the hay offered, resulting in a total of 27% of the bale remaining uneaten ( Moore and Sexten, 2015 ). Walker et al (2013) reported waste plus refusals of bermudagrass hay (8% to 9% CP; 38% to 44% ADF) to range from 20% to 30% when fed in ring feeders. In the present study, the amount of uneaten material was 42% for nonammoniated residue and 32% for ammoniated residue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ammoniation and harvest method on waste and consumption of corn residue bales fed to cows in a round bale feeder

Conway

Carlson

Hilscher

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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To determine the effects of harvest method and ammoniation (3.7% of dry matter) on consumption and waste of baled corn residue, a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 3 × 2 factorial treatment structure was conducted. Six treatments consisted of either nonammoniated or ammoniated residue, harvested one of three ways: conventional rake and bale (CONV), New Holland Cornrower with two rows of stem chopped into the windrow with tailings (2ROW), or EZBale system (EZB) with a disengaged combine spreader and tailings dropped in a windrow. Open cows were grouped by body weight to produce a light block of two pens (448 kg ± 49.6) and a heavy block of four pens (649 kg ± 65.9). One bale was fed to each pen during each of six 7-d periods using round bale ring feeders with closed bottom panels. Residue falling around (waste) and remaining in (refusals) the feeder was collected. The daily nutrient intake was estimated as the difference between what was offered and what remained (waste plus refusals). Crude protein (CP) of residue offered did not differ (P = 0.58) among harvest methods. The digestible organic matter (DOM) content of residue offered in 2ROW and EZB bales did not differ (P = 0.86) and was greater (P < 0.01) than CONV. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.01) CP and DOM content of the residue offered. Total wasted and refused residue did not differ (P = 0.12) between 2ROW (29%) and EZB (37%), while CONV (42%) was greater (P = 0.02) than 2ROW but did not differ (P = 0.34) from EZB. Ammoniation reduced (P = 0.03) total waste and refusals from 41% to 32%. The nutrient content of both waste and refusals did not differ (P ≥ 0.34) among harvest methods and, with the exception of CP, was not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by ammoniation. The CP content of the waste was greater (P = 0.02) and refusals tended to be greater (P = 0.08) from ammoniated bales. The CP intake of 2ROW was greater (P ≤ 0.02) than both EZB and CONV, while EZB tended (P = 0.06) to be greater than CONV. The CP intake of all ammoniated residues was greater (P < 0.01) than the nonammoniated residue. The DOM intake of nonammoniated 2ROW and EZB did not differ (P = 0.61) but was greater than nonammoniated CONV (P < 0.01). Ammoniation increased (P < 0.01) DOM intake. Overall, ammoniation had much larger effects than harvest method, resulting in reduced waste and refusals and greater intake of DOM and CP. However, the combination of both ammoniation and selective harvest (2ROW or EZB) was needed to result in energy and protein intakes that would meet the needs of a mature cow in mid-gestation.

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Method of feeding a liquid-protein supplement with low- to medium-quality hay affects hay waste and cow performance

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

Influence of hay feeding method, supplement moisture, or access time on intake and waste by beef cows

Effect of ammoniation and harvest method on waste and consumption of corn residue bales fed to cows in a round bale feeder

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