Method of Nursing Interventions to Reduce the Incidence of Bullying and Its Impact on Students in School: A Scoping Review

Abstract

The bullying of students in schools can have a negative impact on students. The impact of bullying can take the form of anxiety, low psychological well-being, low social adjustment, psychological distress, and risk of suicide. Incidents of bullying are still considered normal, and there has not been a focus on reducing their incidence and impact. The purpose of this study is to describe nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students at school. This study used the scoping review method and literature reviews via CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest databases. The keywords used in English were “bullying OR cyberbullying OR aggression” AND “students OR school students” AND “school OR schools” AND “nursing intervention”. The criteria for articles in this study were: full texts, student populations and samples, randomized control trials or quasi-experiment research designs, use of the English language, and the publication period of the last 10 years (2013–2022). We found 11 articles discussing nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students in schools. There are four types of interventions that can be provided to students, namely, prevention programs, activities programs, peer group programs, and resilience programs. Most of the articles used randomized control trials and quasi-experiment designs. The samples in the articles analyzed were in the range of 50–7121 students. These four types of interventions can reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students at school, and in addition, they can improve the social skills and mental health of students, for example, by increasing their self-efficacy, resilience, and adaptive coping. There are four nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students in schools, namely, the prevention program, activities program, peer group program, and resilience program.

School-Based Nursing Interventions for Preventing Bullying and Reducing Its Incidence on Students: A Scoping Review

“…Adaptive coping can make students able to make peace with the problems they face [ 57 ]. This is in line with previous studies which show that nursing interventions with training methods can improve students’ adaptive coping [ 12 , 58 ]. In addition to coping, empathy and problem solving skills are also needed to come to terms with the traumatic experience of bullying.…”

“…Bullying in the form of threats is such as making gestures or writing threatening notes [ 11 ]. Next, cyberbullying is sending messages or images that embarrass other individuals on social media [ 12 ].…”

“…In addition, the victim of cyberbullying have low self-esteem and be more sensitive of environmental responses [ 13 ]. The worst impact of bullying on students are psychological problems such as depression, leading to the idea of committing suicide [ 12 , 14 ]. The perpetrators of bullying also acquire negative impacts such as losing their future, and being subject to legal sanctions [ 15 ].…”

Reducing Psychological Impacts on Children with Chronic Disease via Family Empowerment: A Scoping Review

“…The four-step method used in family empowerment is education to increase knowledge, increasing self-efficacy using the demonstration method, increasing self-esteem through participatory training, and evaluation to measure the success of the activities that have been carried out [ 37 , 40 ]. Meanwhile, the five-step method includes perceiving threat, self-efficacy, educational participation, evaluation, and the final evaluation [ 25 , 41 ].…”

Early Educational Interventions to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: A Systematic Review

“…Whereas school violence and bullying are identified and their effects on the physical and mental health of children have been extensively studied [12,13], their underlying causes include social and gender norms and broader contextual and structural factors that remain unexplored. Actually, according to UNESCO, in 2020 much of the school violence and bullying are related to gender [14].…”