Method of preparing Ru-immobilized polymer-supported catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 solution

Heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts for hydrogen generation by hydrolysis of aqueous sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solutions

“…Several catalysts formed of ruthenium on support materials such as carbon papers and polymer beads have been reported , but most of these suffer from poor catalytic performance in terms of hydrogen generation rate (see Table ). Amendola et al.…”

“…Chen et al. obtained a higher hydrogen generation rate of 216 mL H 2 min −1 (g catalyst −1 ) by depositing ruthenium(0) nanoparticles onto monodisperse polystyrene microspheres, though it was only tested in a 1 wt% solution of sodium borohydride (rather than the 20 wt% solution of Amendola et al.) and could thus perhaps be capable of producing hydrogen at a faster rate if placed in a more concentrated solution.…”

“…Several catalysts formed of ruthenium on support materials such as carbon papers and polymer beads have been reported [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], but most of these suffer from poor catalytic performance in terms of hydrogen generation rate (see Table 1). Amendola et al [61] dispersed a ruthenium boride catalyst onto various anionic and cationic resin beads, which they then dispersed in solutions of sodium borohydride stabilized with sodium hydroxide.…”

“…IRA 400 resin beads were found to be the highest performing, giving hydrogen generation rate of 189 mL H 2 min À1 (g catalyst À1 ). Chen et al [63] obtained a higher hydrogen generation rate of 216 mL H 2 min À1 (g catalyst À1 ) by depositing ruthenium (0) nanoparticles onto monodisperse polystyrene microspheres, though it was only tested in a 1 wt% solution of sodium borohydride (rather than the 20 wt% solution of Amendola et al) and could thus perhaps be capable of producing hydrogen at a faster rate if placed in a more concentrated solution. Higher rates of hydrogen generation have been obtained using ruthenium catalysts supported on carbon.…”

Role of the Support and the Ru Precursor on the Performance of Ru/Carbon Catalysts Towards H2 Production Through NaBH4 Hydrolysis

“…It can occur from 0°C, releasing a non-toxic by-product such as sodium metaborate (NaBO 2 ) [14,15]. The self-hydrolysis reaction is inhibited by keeping NaBH 4 solutions at pH [13. At this pH, hydrogen release occurs only in the presence of specific catalysts, allowing the development of ''hydrogen on demand'' systems (HOD) [13,16,17]. Numerous catalysts have been investigated for NaBH 4 hydrolysis, with special attention devoted to heterogeneous catalysts based on Ru [6,7,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24], Co [25][26][27][28][29][30], Pt [9-11, 31, 32], Ni [33][34][35] and Pd [16,36,37].…”