Method of sensing impact damage in carbon fiber polymer-matrix composite by electrical resistance measurement

Wang, Shoukai; Wang, Daojun; Chung, D.D.L.; Chung, Jou-Ku

doi:10.1007/s10853-006-7172-9

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although the testing method and energy impact levels of our work and Ref 15. In support of our results, the observed behavior of the measurements made with two-and four-point probe is similar to the outcome of Wang et al31 on carbon-fiber reinforced (CFRP) composites. 15 used a sizing agent containing CNTs, and thus the manufacturing process and the material are different from this current work.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Impact damage sensing of multiscale composites through epoxy matrix containing carbon nanotubes

Arronche

Saponara

Yeşil

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carbon nanotubes are used to provide increased electrical conductivity for polymer matrix materials, thus offering a method to monitor the structure's health. This work investigates the effect of impact damage on the electrical properties of multiscale composite samples, prepared with woven fiberglass reinforcement and epoxy resin modified with as-received multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Moreover, this study addresses potential bias from manufacturing, and investigates the effectiveness of resistance measurements using two-and four-point probe methods. Transmission electron microscopy and static tensile tests results were used to evaluate, respectively, the dispersion of MWCNTs in the epoxy resin and the influence of the incorporation of these nanoparticles on the static tensile properties of the matrix, and interpret results from the resistance measurements on impacted specimens. In this study, the four-point probe method is shown to be much more repeatable and reliable than the two-point probe method.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Impact damage sensing of multiscale composites through epoxy matrix containing carbon nanotubes

Arronche

Saponara

Yeşil

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In the case of the four-probe method, degradation of the contacts has relatively little effect on the measured resistance, unless the degradation is excessive. The resistance obtained by using the fourprobe method tends to be less noisy than that obtained by using the two-probe method [25].…”

Section: Electrical Configurations For Self-sensingmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…8). The opposite trend, which is weak and is mainly exhibited by the segments adjacent to the segment containing the point of impact, may be due to several reasons [25]. One possible reason relates to the distortion of the current path away from the top surface due to the major damage at the top surface nearby.…”

Section: Real-time Self-sensing Of Impact Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Damage detection using self-sensing concepts

Chung

2007

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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Self-sensing refers to the structural material sensing itself. Real-time self-sensing of damage in carbon fibre polymer-matrix composites by electrical resistance measurement is reviewed. The resistance changes irreversibly upon damage, as shown for damage inflicted by flexure, tension, fatigue, and impact. Delamination increases the through-thickness resistance. Fibre breakage increases the longitudinal resistance. The oblique resistance, as measured at an angle between the longitudinal and through-thickness directions, is particularly sensitive. Minor flexural damage causes the oblique resistance in the unloaded state to decrease. Current spreading enables the sensing of localized damage by measurement away from the damage, though it reduces the spatial resolution of the sensing. The resistance method is more sensitive than the potential method. Two-dimensional sensing is complicated by the anisotropic spreading of the current. Thermal damage and through-thickness (fastening) compression effect are indicated by the contact resistivity of the interlaminar interface. The through-thickness compression effect is alternately indicated by the longitudinal volume resistivity. The condition of a composite fastening joint is indicated by the contact resistivity of the joint interface.

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“…[15][16][17][18] In other words, the electrical resistance measurement provides a means of nondestructive evaluation of the structural composite. Due to the widespread use of these composites for aircraft structures and the requirement of safety, nondestructive evaluation of composites is an important and timely subject.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygrothermal Stability of Electrical Contacts Made from Silver and Graphite Electrically Conductive Pastes

Wang

Pang

Chung

2006

Journal of Elec Materi

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The hygrothermal stability of electrical contacts made from silver and graphite electrically conductive pastes is comparatively evaluated by measurement of the increase in contact electrical resistance during immersion in water at 15°C and 40°C. The pastes are silver paint, silver paint with a nonconductive epoxy overcoat, silver epoxy, and graphite colloid. Each electrical contact is made between a seven-strand tin-coated copper wire and the surface of a carbon fiber epoxy-matrix composite. Silver paint and graphite colloid penetrate the spaces among the 130-lm-diameter strands, but silver epoxy does not. Partly due to its low penetrability and the silver flake (15 lm) preferred orientation, silver epoxy gives contacts of significantly higher resistance than silver paint. Graphite colloid is comparable to silver epoxy in the resistance. Among the four pastes, silver paint with an epoxy overcoat is most durable, though it gives slightly higher resistance than silver paint without epoxy. Silver epoxy is less durable than silver paint without an epoxy overcoat, particularly at 40°C, due to the low hygrothermal stability of epoxy. Graphite colloid is even less durable than silver epoxy, due to its being water based.

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Method of sensing impact damage in carbon fiber polymer-matrix composite by electrical resistance measurement

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

Impact damage sensing of multiscale composites through epoxy matrix containing carbon nanotubes

Impact damage sensing of multiscale composites through epoxy matrix containing carbon nanotubes

Damage detection using self-sensing concepts

Hygrothermal Stability of Electrical Contacts Made from Silver and Graphite Electrically Conductive Pastes

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