Method of thermometric determination of thermophysical characteristics of thermolabs materials

Abstract

Introduction. The analytical researches of methods and devices of determination of thermophysical properties of complicated structure and chemical composition of products of processing industry are carried out in order to increase the accuracy of measurements. Materials and methods. The basis of the studied devices is thermoelectric converters of temperature and heat flow in the form of "auxiliary wall". To improve the accuracy of the measurements of the thermophysical characteristics of materials, the graph-analytical method of calibration of the devices was used. Results and discussion. To study the thermophysical characteristics of thermolabial materials, the most suitable thermometric means of their complex definition, which allow to conduct research in the presence or absence of material phase transformations of its constituents. The calorimetric measuring instruments are based on the measurement of the temperature of the heat fluxes that penetrate the sample under different thermal conditions. Thermal, electric and other transmission processes in thermometric materials determine the instability of the transformation function and form an instrumental error. On the basis of the calculation and graphic analysis of the thermal and capacitive resistance of the "device-sampler" system, a fundamentally new method has been developed, according to which the thermophysical characteristics of the material and the metrological characteristics of the device are determined in a complex and simultaneously based on the results of the experiment with samples of only the test material. Conclusion. Simultaneous obtaining information on the values of the thermophysical characteristics of the material and the metrological characteristics of the device can improve the accuracy of the determination of the thermophysical characteristics of products.

Scientific and practical aspects of the use of pro-, pre- and synbiotics in the feeding of ruminants againts the background of research conducted in Ukraine

“…The mechanism of probiotics' biological action in ruminants has only been partially elucidated, but recent research has shown that it is complex and multifaceted. It is established that the metabolic effect of probiotics in the digestive tract of ruminants largely depends on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms and technology of probiotic preparations [Bondarenko 2010, Polishchuk and Bulavkina 2010, Mazurenko 2011, Reshetnichenko et al 2012, Kyldiyarova 2016. It has been experimentally proven that the use of probiotics in the diet of ruminants enhances the barrier functions of in-testinal mucosal cells by activating the processes of cytoskeletons' phosphorylation of their protein structures and stimulates secretion of mucus and chlorides [Caramia 2004, Krysenko et al 2010.…”

“…Probiotics also have a detoxifying effect on compounds formed in the host under the influence of pathogens [Charalampopoulos and Rastall 2009, Kolisnik et al 2010, Kotsumbas et al 2013, Kordon 2014. Probiotic preparations, in contrast to antibiotics, which inhibit immune functions in the body, stimulate the synthesis of antibodies against pathogens [Mazurenko 2011].…”

“…Producing biologically active substances, probiotics stimulate the symbiotic microbiota of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and colon to synthesis of mediators that activate the functioning of digestive processes, liver, cardiovascular and circulatory systems and thus have a positive effect on metabolic processes in ruminants [Mazurenko 2011]. Scientific studies have shown that metabolites produced by probiotics have anti-allergic effects by inhibiting histidine decarboxylation processes and activating histidine synthesis in animal organs and tissues [Dekker and Ukraintsev 2012].…”

“…At birth, the gastrointestinal tract in ruminants is sterile concerning the presence of microbiota [Honcharuk 2010, Mazurenko 2011]. Colonization of the digestive tract by microorganisms begins in the large intestine in the first days after birth and lasts until approximately 12 weeks of age [Mazurenko 2011].…”

“…At birth, the gastrointestinal tract in ruminants is sterile concerning the presence of microbiota [Honcharuk 2010, Mazurenko 2011]. Colonization of the digestive tract by microorganisms begins in the large intestine in the first days after birth and lasts until approximately 12 weeks of age [Mazurenko 2011]. In young ruminants, probiotic supplements are mostly used for stabilization the colon microbiota and prevent diarrhea [Mazurenko 2011, Uyeno et al 2015, Markowiak and Śliżewska 2018.…”