Method to Interface Grid-Forming Inverters into Power Hardware in the Loop Setups

Hernández-Alvídrez, Javier; Gurule, Nicholas S.; Reno, Matthew J.; Flicker, Jack; Summers, Adam; Ellis, Abraham

doi:10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9300804

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Ideal Transformer Method (ITM) is utilized [26] as the interface approach between the real-time simulation model and the ABB PCS-100 GFMI. For GFMIs without such a synchronization mechanism that normally operate in isochronous mode, the ITM is not suitable and a different interface method must be used, as proposed in [27]. The commercial ABB PCS-100 GFMI has two main operation modes, where each one has its own control modes [28]:…”

Section: Power Hardware-in-the-loop Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Energy Storage-Based Grid Forming Inverters for Operational Reserve in Hybrid Diesel Microgrids

et al. 2022

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In remote arctic communities, where access to a bulk electrical grid interconnection is not available, the implementation of islanded microgrids has been the most viable way to produce and distribute electricity services to their inhabitants. Historically, these islanded grids have relied primarily on diesel generators or hydropower resources to supply the baseload. However, this practice can result in increased expense due to the high costs associated with fuel transportation and the significant amounts of on-site storage necessary when fuel transportation is unavailable during winter months. In order to mitigate this problem, arctic microgrids have started to transition to a hybrid-source operational mode by incorporating renewable energy sources that are inherently variable in nature, such as wind or solar. Due to their highly stochastic behavior, these hybrid-source islanded microgrids can pose potential issues related to power quality due to introduction of rapid net load fluctuations and inability of diesel generators to respond rapidly. In addition, non-firm stochastic sources can require significant idling diesel generator resources to serve as spinning reserves, which is inefficient and wasteful. This work studies the problems that may arise in the transient dynamics of a real-world hybrid diesel microgrid when subjected to a loss of wind generation. Moreover, this work proposes a transition from a diesel spinning reserve to a battery energy-storage system (BESS) operating reserve scheme. The study of the proposed transition is important in establishing the fundamental implication of transient dynamics and the potential benefits of integrating a BESS as a spinning reserve in terms of stability, frequency nadir, and transient voltage deviation. The methods to investigate and validate the transient dynamics relied on both electromagnetic simulation models of GFMIs and a commercially available GFMI in an experimental power hardware-in-the-loop setup. The simulation results showed that the proposed operating reserve scheme improves the power quality of the system in terms of voltage deviation and frequency nadir when the microgrid is subjected to a loss of wind generation scenario. Depending on the simulation cases, adding a GFMI reduced the frequency nadir between 65.3% and 86.7%. Moreover, the reductions in the voltage deviations improved between 3.6% and 23.0%. From these results it can be concluded that the integration of a GFMI can reduce the frequency nadir in a hybrid diesel microgrid, and in turn, reduce diesel consumption, which improves system reliability while reducing fuel expenses. Furthermore, the novelty of this work relies on the fact that the offline simulation results were validated using a power hardware-in-the-loop platform that incorporated a 100 kVA commercially available GFMI as the device under test.

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Section: Power Hardware-in-the-loop Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Energy Storage-Based Grid Forming Inverters for Operational Reserve in Hybrid Diesel Microgrids

et al. 2022

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“…The direct coupling of the GFC and interfacing power amplifier may lead to stability issues arising from their independent and inherent voltage regulation and the lack of voltage angle synchronization at their coupling point. To address this issue, a physical linking impedance insertion and a digital-twin emulated impedance based interfacing method was proposed in [14]. The applicability of this method is limited by the availability of the physical impedance and the necessity of precise power measurement before enabling the closure of a physical contactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these limitations of the conventional voltagetype interfacing method and the interfacing method developed in [14], the current-type interfacing method is proposed to incorporate the GFC into a PHIL setup for black-start testing. Scaling and compensation schemes are developed for a robust and high-fidelity PHIL simulation guaranteeing an accurate replication of the dynamics of the emulated power network at the physical GFC interfacing point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-Type Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Interface for Black-Start Testing of Grid-Forming Converter

Feng

Alassi

Syed

et al. 2022

IECON 2022 – 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Grid-forming converter establishes a stable and controllable voltage at its output terminal without requiring external angle reference, which enables the GFC to be a candidate for providing black-start services. However, this attribute poses significant challenges to the conventional power hardware-in-theloop (PHIL) simulation, which incorporates the physical power converter by regulating its voltage angle to be synchronized with that of an interfacing power amplifier mimicking the real-time emulated power grid. The lack of voltage synchronization at the coupling point of GFC and interfacing power amplifier leads to instability. To address this challenge, the current-type interfacing method with compensation and scaling scheme is proposed to interface a GFC with soft black-start capability into a PHIL setup. Analytical assessment and experimental results involving interfacing a 90 kVA power converter implemented with gridforming control are presented to verify the methodology.Index Terms-Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL), gridforming converter, soft black-start, current-type power interface.

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Verification of power hardware-in-the-loop environment for testing grid-forming inverter

Kikusato¹,

Orihara²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2023

Energy Reports

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Method to Interface Grid-Forming Inverters into Power Hardware in the Loop Setups

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Using Energy Storage-Based Grid Forming Inverters for Operational Reserve in Hybrid Diesel Microgrids

Using Energy Storage-Based Grid Forming Inverters for Operational Reserve in Hybrid Diesel Microgrids

Current-Type Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Interface for Black-Start Testing of Grid-Forming Converter

Verification of power hardware-in-the-loop environment for testing grid-forming inverter

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