Methoden der Harn- und Blutzuckerbestimmung

Schmidt, Felix

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-47669-3_36

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…After 2 days of STZ injection, plasma glucose levels were estimated by the glucose oxidase peroxidase enzyme diagnostic kit method. [19,25] About 90% of STZ-injected rats developed diabetes, and rats having plasma glucose levels of more than 250 mg/dL [26] were selected for the present study.…”

Section: Induction and Assessment Of Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diltiazem Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Anjaneyulu

Chopra

2005

Renal Failure

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Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end stage renal damage. Oxidative stress is involved in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy and intracellular calcium is reported to play a considerable role in the development of renal damage in the diabetic kidney. Calcium antagonism can slow the progression of renal impairment in diabetes. The present study was thus designed to examine the effect of a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, diltiazem, on renal function, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide (NO) release in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats. After 4 weeks of STZ injection, the rats were divided in to four groups: control rats, diabetic rats treated with saline, and two groups of diabetic rats treated with diltiazem (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p, respectively) for 8 weeks starting from 4 weeks after STZ injection. Renal function was assessed by creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, and urea clearance. Oxidative stress was measured by renal malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. We also measured renal nitrite levels. At the end of the 8 weeks, diabetic rats exhibited renal dysfunction as evidenced by reduced creatinine and urea clearance along with enhanced albumin excretion rate as compared with control rats. Biochemical analysis of kidneys revealed a marked increase in oxidative stress demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of key antioxidant enzymes, GSH, SOD, and catalase in diabetic rats. Release of NO also significantly higher in diabetic rats than controls. Chronic treatment with diltiazem in diabetic rats significantly attenuated both renal dysfunction and oxidative stress along with increased NO levels as compared with untreated diabetic rats. The kidneys of diabetic rats showed morphological changes such as hyaline casts, glomerular thickening, and moderate interstitial fibrosis and arteriolopathy, whereas diltiazem administration markedly prevented diabetic-induced renal morphological alterations. The present study suggests that oxidative stress/nitrosative stress is increased in the diabetic kidney and calcium channel blockage can prevent these changes. The results also suggest that in STZinduced diabetic rats, the protective action of diltiazem might be mediated, at least in part, by its effect on tissue oxidant/ antioxidant status.

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Section: Induction and Assessment Of Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diltiazem Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Anjaneyulu

Chopra

2005

Renal Failure

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“…PRL or bromochromatography [9] from serum of one of OUf patients criptine did not interfere with the insulin assay. Blood with an extreme hyperprolactinaemia (H. Q. in Tables glucose was measured by the hexokinase method [7]. 1 and 2), and was added to the perfusion medium at a The results from the hyperprolactinaemic patients concentration of 50 and 250 ng/ml.…”

Section: A In Vivo-studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin: A diabetogenic hormone

Landgraf

Mm²,

Weißmann³

et al. 1977

Diabetologia

174

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Summary. During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin levels were measured in 26 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary tumours without growth hormone excess. Basal glucose and insulin levels did not differ from the values of an age-matched control group. After glucose load the hyperprolactinaemic patients showed a decrease in glucose tolerance and a hyperinsulinaemia. Bromocriptine (CB 154), which suppressed PRL, improved glucose tolerance and decreased insulin towards normal in a second OGTT. -Human PRL or CB 154 had no significant influence on insulin release due to glucose in the perfused rat pancreas. -These findings suggest a diabetogenic effect of PRL. CB 154 might be a useful drug in improving glucose utilization in hormone-active pituitary tumours.Key words: Prolactin, insulin release, glucose tolerance, pituitary tumours, pancreas perfusions, bromocriptine.Acute administration of ovine prolactin (PRL) has been shown to influence glucose metabolism in animals [1,2], to impair glucose tolerance in hypopituitary dwarfs and in hypophysectomized juvenile-type diabetics [3], and to stimulate lipid metabolism [4]. In order to study the long term effects of endogenous PRL on glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion, patients with hyperprolactinaemia were investigated. In vitro experiments with the isolated perfused rat pancreas were undertaken to elucidate the direct effect of hPRL on insulin release. * Presented in part at the 11 th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Munich, September 4-6, 1975, and published in abstract form in Diabetologia 11, 357 (1975) Material aud Methods a. In vivo-StudyFifteen female and 11 male patients with hyperprolactinaemia were studied (Tab. 1). Twenty-four patients had a pituitary tumour, one had a craniopharyngioma and one had anormal sella turcica. A galactorrhoeaamenorrhoea syndrome was observed in 9 women.The average body weight was 13 ± 4 % above the ideal body weight and the average age was 34 ± 2 years (mean ± SEM). None of the patients had elevated plasma growth hormone concentrations. Eighteen patients had blunted hGH-secretion after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. In six subjects TSH levels before and after TRH stimulation were below the lower limit of detection; six patients showed TSH values which were subnormal and two suffered from primary hypothyroidism. Thirteen had secondary hypogonadism, eleven had a latent or manifest secondary adrenal insufficiency and three had diabetes insipidus. The mean basal PRL level (x ± SEM) measured by radioimmunoassay [5] was 2422 ± 800 ng/ml ranging from 47 to 18 860 ng/ml. Our normal range for men is 8.5 to 25 ng/ml and for women up to 37.5 ng/ml. Fourteen patients were on appropriate hormone replacement therapy at the time of the study. Hypothyroidism was treated in all cases except two (Tab. 1) in order to avoid effects of low thyroid hormone levels on glucose tolerance.Fifteen patients (nine females and six males) were treated with bromocripti...

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“…The age-matched control rats received citrate buffer and were used along with diabetic animals. Diabetes was confi rmed after 48 h of STZ injection, the blood samples were collected through the tail vein and plasma glucose levels were estimated by enzymatic GOD-PAP (glucose oxidase peroxidase) diagnostic kit method [13] (Span Diagnostic Chemicals, India). Rats having plasma glucose levels 1 250 mg/dl were included in the present study [14] .…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol, a Polyphenolic Phytoalexin, Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

Sharma

Anjaneyulu²,

Kulkarni³

et al. 2006

Pharmacology

164

102

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Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. Various studies have revealed that increased oxidative stress is a major pathophysiological mechanism which is involved in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, is known to possess potent antioxidant properties and thus we aimed to examine its effect on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats. After 4 weeks of STZ injection, rats were divided into four groups: the control rats, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg, orally) respectively from week 4 up till week 6. At the termination of the experiments, urine albumin excretion, urine output, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea clearance were measured. The levels of the renal oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde and glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in kidney homogenate. STZ-injected rats showed significant increases in blood glucose, polyuria, proteinuria and a decrease in body weight compared with age-matched control rats. After 6 weeks, diabetic rats exhibited renal dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced creatinine and urea clearance, and proteinuria along with a marked increase in oxidative stress, as determined by lipid peroxidation and activities of key antioxidant enzymes. Treatment with resveratrol significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The present study reinforces the important role of oxidative stress in diabetic kidney and points towards the possible antioxidative mechanism being responsible for the renoprotective action of resveratrol.

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Methoden der Harn- und Blutzuckerbestimmung

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Diltiazem Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Diltiazem Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Prolactin: A diabetogenic hormone

Resveratrol, a Polyphenolic Phytoalexin, Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

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