Méthodes Physiques D'étude des Minéraux et des Matériaux Solides: Diffraction des Rayons X, des Électrons, des Neutrons, Microscopie Électronique á Transmission, á Balayage, Spectrométrie des Rayons X, des Électrons, des Ions (in French)

Wood, Roger M.

doi:10.1088/0031-9112/28/2/045

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“…On the other hand, for ZnS films, Hua et al do not show an evident change in transmittance with the deposition pressure in a lower pressure range (0.5 to 1.2 Pa) [ 38 ]. Nonetheless, for ZnS films, Zhang et al observe better transmittance for a deposition pressure of 0.7 Pa but a different power density [ 37 ]. Nevertheless, the various authors agree on obtaining superior transmittance when the films have good homogeneity, few defects, and a decrease in the value of the forbidden band energy when the pressure increases.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, Baldissera and Persson [ 37 ] carried out structural modeling of Zn(O,S) films by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Figure 10 [ 37 ] presents the evolution of the mesh parameters a and c and the crystal mesh volume with the sulfur content for a hexagonal wurtzite structure. This evolution is linear over the whole range of composition, in good agreement with the law of Vegard.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11 [ 37 ] shows that in this range of chemical composition, 0.3 < x < 0.7, the formation enthalpy of the cubic phase becomes weaker than that of the hexagonal wurtzite phase. In intermediate compositions, there is competition between the two crystalline phases.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In intermediate compositions, there is competition between the two crystalline phases. This competition can lead to the simultaneous existence of the two phases in the form of domains [ 37 ]. Under different experimental conditions, the coexistence of phases is not observed, and the films are amorphous in this composition range.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Evolution of mesh parameters and mesh size for wurtzite structure (diamond) and cubic (square) structure of Zn(O,S) films with sulfur content Reprinted with permission from Ref. [ 37 ]. Copyright 2016 AIP Publishing.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Photovoltaic Cell Based on CIGS: Principles and Technologies

Salhi

2022

Materials

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Semiconductors used in the manufacture of solar cells are the subject of extensive research. Currently, silicon is the most commonly used material for photovoltaic cells, representing more than 80% of the global production. However, due to its very energy-intensive and costly production method, other materials appear to be preferable over silicon, including the chalcopyrite-structured semiconductors of the CIS-based family (Cu(In, Ga, Al) (Se, S)2). Indeed, these compounds have bandwidths between 1 eV (CuInSe2) and 3 eV (CuAlS2), allowing them to absorb most solar radiation. Moreover, these materials are currently the ones that make it possible to achieve the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiencies from thin-film devices, particularly Cu(In, Ga)Se2, which is considered the most efficient among all drifts based on CIS. In this review, we focus on the CIGS-based solar cells by exploring the different layers and showing the recent progress and challenges.

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Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photovoltaic Cell Based On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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