Methodikbaukasten zur effizienten, zielgerichteten RDE-Entwicklung – Potenziale und Perspektiven

Hipp, Johannes; Schmidt, Deborah; Bauer, Sascha; Steinhaus, Tim; Beidl, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-25294-6_8

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In vehicle development, calibration tasks commonly use Model-in-the-Loop (MiL), Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) [10,11], and Engine-in-the-Loop (EiL) [12][13][14]. These X-in-the-Loop (XiL) test benches are increasingly used for testing real driving emissions and applications, as noted in numerous publication sources [15][16][17][18]. One advantage of these test benches is their high degree of flexibility.…”

Section: State-of-the-art-novel Methods For Vehicle Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Krysmon,

Pischinger,

Claßen

et al. 2024

Future Transportation

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Further reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from road vehicles is a major task for the automotive industry. Stricter regulations regarding emissions and fleet fuel consumption require the continuous development of new powertrains and methods. In particular, the combination of hybrid powertrains on the technical side and the focus on real driving emissions (RDE) on the legislative side pose significant challenges to the vehicle calibration process. Against this background, new test methods and environments are being investigated to counteract the high number of interactions between hybrid drive systems and quasi-infinite test conditions due to RDE. Complementary to new test environments, innovative methods for data analysis are needed that allow the exploitation of the complete potential of measurement data. The application of such a method in the field of emission calibration is presented in this paper. For this purpose, a clustering method (HDBSCAN) is applied to critical sequences from emission tests. Within this presentation, the clustering process is based on a single signal only. This paper shows how signals of various characteristics can be processed with dynamic time warping and generically structured with the clustering method used. Here, 959 single events are automatically categorized into 24 clusters. This provides a new basis for system evaluation, enabling the automatic identification, categorization, and prioritization of calibration weaknesses. Using twelve signals of different characteristics, the generic usability of the clustering method is demonstrated.

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Section: State-of-the-art-novel Methods For Vehicle Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Krysmon,

Pischinger,

Claßen

et al. 2024

Future Transportation

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show abstract

“…State-of-the-art approaches extract route information from map and global position system (GPS) data to simulate the road gradients or, when used on an engine test bench, the curve radii of the selected route. 35,63–65 This procedure is not applicable in the newly introduced methodology of the RDE-cycle-generator for the exact reproduction of critical events for two reasons:…”

Section: Validation Of the Methodology By Implementation Of The Test mentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistically supported real driving emission calibration: Using cycle generation to provide vehicle-specific and statistically representative test scenarios for Euro 7

Claßen

Pischinger

Krysmon

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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The progression of emission legislation has intensified the efforts of the automotive industry to develop improved exhaust gas after-treatment systems. The requirement to fulfill Euro 6d-TEMP in real-world driving scenarios, the already significant calibration effort for Euro 6d and the Euro 7 emission standards in discussion have significantly increased the work load for calibration engineers and the requirements for testing resources. Many original equipment manufacturers are implementing taskforces in order not to have to discard the planned start of production for their products, and some are even already forced to reduce their product portfolio. This is due to the diverse testing matrix required to cover all possible real driving emissions test scenarios. One big challenge is the extension and possible variation of boundary conditions regarding ambient temperatures, traffic conditions, road gradients and other varying driving resistances. Moreover, the test duration can cause considerable differences in the measured emissions, even if the same route is driven repeatedly. Addressing these challenges makes the application of a dedicated, event-targeted emission calibration mandatory. Since only a few sequences of the time-consuming road tests are relevant for improving the emission calibration, the methodology presented in this article focuses on the exact reproduction of these emission events on an emission chassis dynamometer with the aim of implementing calibratable solutions for these events. This is done using a real driving emission-cycle-generator which creates real driving emission compliant severe test scenarios and which focuses on the statistical relevance related to the typical product specific operation. The underlying generation process accesses a large database with real driving emission measurement results focusing on vehicle- or vehicle-group-specific challenges, using statistical approaches. It will be demonstrated how this procedure reduces test time and how it helps to tackle the substantial real driving emission work-load, while providing a dependable base to achieve real driving emission legislation compliance.

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“…In addition to the testing of real routes and the purely emissions-motivated simulative development of worst-case test cycles, it is also possible to create test scenarios that process empirical findings from previous measurements into fictitious routes [67,[71][72][73][74]95,96]. The database must sufficiently represent the criteria to be checked.…”

Section: Synthetically Designed Cycles Based On (Regionally) Relevant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These requirements are combined in an approach of statistically supported RDE cycle generation [65]. With measurement data being collected from all available sources (Figure 8 "Measurement Data"), such as on-road robustness recordings or PEMS measurements, chassis dynamometer and X-in-the-Loop test benches as described in [85,95,96,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107], the methodology is highly flexible towards the consideration of additional new pollutants. Furthermore, specifications of exhaust gas components that require a highly sophisticated measurement equipment can easily be evaluated using the laboratory measurement equipment.…”

Section: Implementation Of Solutions and Presentation Of A Suitable R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation

et al. 2021

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Reducing air pollution caused by emissions from road traffic, especially in urban areas, is an important goal of legislators and the automotive industry. The introduction of so-called “Real Driving Emission” (RDE) tests for the homologation of vehicles with internal combustion engines according to the EU6d legislation was a fundamental milestone for vehicle and powertrain development. Due to the introduction of non-reproducible on-road emission tests with “Portable Emission Measurement Systems” (PEMS) in addition to the standardized emission tests on chassis dynamometers, emission aftertreatment development and validation has become significantly more complex. For explicit proof of compliance with the emission and fuel consumption regulations, the legislators continue to require the “Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicle Test Cycle” (WLTC) on a chassis dynamometer. For calibration purposes, also various RDE profiles are conducted on the chassis dynamometer. However, the combination of precisely defined driving profiles on the chassis dynamometer and the dynamics-limiting boundary conditions in PEMS tests on the road still lead to discrepancies between the certified test results and the real vehicle behavior. The expected future emissions standards to replace EU6d will therefore force even more realistic RDE tests. This is to be achieved by significantly extending the permissible RDE test boundary conditions, such as giving more weight to the urban section of an RDE test. In addition, the introduction of limit values for previously unregulated pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) and formaldehyde (CH2O) is being considered. Furthermore, the particle number (for diameters of solid particles > 10 nm: PN10), the methane (CH4) emissions and emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMOG) shall be limited and must be tested. To simplify the test procedure in the long term, the abandonment of predefined chassis dyno emission tests to determine the pollutant emission behavior is under discussion. Against this background, current testing, validation, and development methods are reviewed in this paper. New challenges and necessary adaptations of current approaches are discussed and presented to illustrate the need to consider future regulatory requirements in today’s approaches. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions for a robust RDE validation procedure are formulated.

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Methodikbaukasten zur effizienten, zielgerichteten RDE-Entwicklung – Potenziale und Perspektiven

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Statistically supported real driving emission calibration: Using cycle generation to provide vehicle-specific and statistically representative test scenarios for Euro 7

Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation

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