Methodological and Statistical Issues in the Use of Biomarkers in Clinical and Research Studies

Lieshout, Ryan J. Van; Szatmári, Péter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9464-4_2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, when a biomarker displays adequate sensitivity, specificity and predictive value in the validation phase, its effect on diagnostic or prognostic outcomes or its cost-effectiveness can be determined in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Step 5). The lack of RCTs in psychiatric research, therefore, reflects the newness of the development of biomarkers in mental illness (Van Lieshout and Szatmari, 2009). It is important to keep in mind, however, that while the methodological rigor increases from cross-sectional and case–control studies to longitudinal cohorts with RCTs, in some circumstances cross-sectional studies can provide highly valuable information about the accuracy of a test (Schunemann et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in bipolar disorder: A positional paper from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Biomarkers Task Force

Frey

Andreazza

Houenou

et al. 2013

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

208

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the etiology of bipolar disorder remains uncertain, multiple studies examining neuroimaging, peripheral markers and genetics have provided important insights into the pathophysiologic processes underlying bipolar disorder. Neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated loss of gray matter, as well as altered activation of subcortical, anterior temporal and ventral prefrontal regions in response to emotional stimuli in bipolar disorder. Genetics studies have identified several potential candidate genes associated with increased risk for developing bipolar disorder that involve circadian rhythm, neuronal development and calcium metabolism. Notably, several groups have found decreased levels of neurotrophic factors and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Together these findings provide the background for the identification of potential biomarkers for vulnerability, disease expression and to help understand the course of illness and treatment response. In other areas of medicine, validated biomarkers now inform clinical decision-making. Although the findings reviewed herein hold promise, further research involving large collaborative studies is needed to validate these potential biomarkers prior to employing them for clinical purposes. Therefore, in this positional paper from the ISBD-BIONET (biomarkers network from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders), we will discuss our view of biomarkers for these three areas: neuroimaging, peripheral measurements and genetics; and conclude the paper with our position for the next steps in the search for biomarkers for bipolar disorder.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%