Methodological Approaches to Optimizing Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programs within the Framework of the Federal Clean Air Project (on the example of Nizhny Tagil)

Abstract

ntroduction: One of the key socially significant results of implementing the Federal Clean Air Project is the maximum possible mitigation of inhalation health risks by achieving the target rate of reducing emissions (by 20 % against the level of 2017) in a number of cities included in the federal project as priority areas. Materials and methods: Ambient air pollution monitoring as a measure of this accomplishment is indispensable both for verification of applying the model to estimating surface concentrations of pollutants, assessing health risks, and evaluating changes in ambient air quality. For the objectivity of such assessments, it is fundamental to determine the list of priority health-threatening air pollutants, to select monitoring sites that best characterize population exposure to these chemicals, and to plan air quality monitoring programs setting sampling frequency and volume. Results: The article presents the results of implementing methodological approaches adopted by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumer Rights and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) to optimize ambient air quality monitoring within the framework of solving the tasks of the Federal Clean Air Project in the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region, in 2019. The Nizhny Tagil air quality monitoring program for 2020 has been developed and tested. This program, in conjunction with similar programs carried out by the Russian Federal Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Service (Roshydromet) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Sverdlovsk Region and taking into account their implementation over the past five years, helps provide implementers of the federal project with air pollution data to address its key challenges. Conclusions: The adopted ambient air quality monitoring program implemented in Nizhny Tagil in 2020 by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region meets terms and requirements of the Federal Clean Air Project.

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

“…Acute and chronic risks for target organs and systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular and immune systems, eyes, blood, and developmental processes, will be equal to 6.5-25.5 HIас and 11.9-22.6 HIch. Implementation of activates within the Complex plan will make it possible to move approximately 50 thousand people from zones with unacceptable acute health risks and 120 thousand people from zones with unacceptable chronic health risks into ones with minimal (target) health risks [8].…”

“…Its aim is to reduce total chemical emissions into ambient air (radioactive substances excluded) by 20 % (tons/year) by 2024 against 2017 1 [7]. Modeling of pollutant dispersion and assessment of ambient air pollution in these 12 cities covers approximately 50 thousand industrial emission sources of various types and configurations, emissions from motor transport at more than 3.3 thousand sections of traffic networks and more than 1.6 thousand of autonomous heat supply sources [3,8]. According to the RF Government Order issued on July 07, 2022 No.…”

Update of Ambient Air Pollution Monitoring Programs within Regional-Level Implementation of National Projects

“…По установленным в рамках данного исследования приоритетным веществам регистрируются превышения гигиенических нормативов и/или допустимых параметров риска здоровью. Актуализация внимания к данным приоритетным веществам, снижение их выбросов и систематический мониторинг позволят минимизировать формируемые риски и причиненный вред здоровью населения исследуемой территории [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Выводы 1.…”

Scientific substantiation of priority chemicals, objects for setting quotas and trends in mitigating airborne public health risks within activities per-formed by the sanitary service of the Russian Federation

“…This experiment is to be completed by December 31, 2026, considering the alterations made by the Federal Law issued on March 26, 2022 No. 71-FZ 4 . Therefore, the 'Clean Air' project and the experiment on setting emission quotas are closely connected [1,2].…”

“…It is primarily due to the fact that industrial enterprises, motor transport (and railways in some cities as well) and autonomous heat sources jointly emit dozens or even hundreds of chemicals into ambient air in cities. Thus, for example, more than 130 chemicals are emitted annually by 211 industrial enterprises into ambient air in Chita [3]; in Nizhnii Tagil, approximately 166 chemicals [4]; in Norilsk, 107 varied chemicals are emitted [5] etc. Given that, an important research and methodical task has always been to substantiate the most effective actions aimed at reducing pollution levels.…”