Methodological considerations for the study of multimodal signal detection

Stanislaw, Harold

doi:10.3758/bf03207488

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…A natural implementation of TSD is the case of a nonfactorial expanded design with two categorical responses (Stanislaw, 1988). It is straightforward because, in contrast to the other designs, a measure of response accuracy can be defined.…”

Section: Theory Of Signal Detectability (Tsd )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of integration given multiple sources of information.

Massaro¹,

Friedman²

1990

Psychological Review

218

205

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Several models of information integration are developed and analyzed within the context ofa prototypical pattern-recognition task. The central concerns are whether the models prescribe maximally efficient (optimal) integration and to what extent the models are psychologically valid. Evaluation, integration, and decision processes are specified for each model. Important features are whether evaluation is noisy, whether integration follows Bayes's theorem, and whether decision consists of a criterion rule or a relative goodness rule. Simulations of the models and predictions of the results by the same models are carried out to provide a measure of identifiability or the extent to which the models can be distinguished from one another. The models are also contrasted against empirical results from tasks with 2 and 4 response alternatives and with graded responses. Conceptual FrameworkThere is a growing consensus that behavior reflects the influence of multiple sources of information. Auditory and visual perception, reading and speech perception, and decision making and judgment are modulated by a wide variety of influences (Anderson, 1981;Bruno & Cutting, 1988;Falmagne, 1985;Massaro, 1987aMassaro, , 1988aOden, 1981; Perkell & Klatt, 1986;Welch & Warren, 1980). Until only recently, psychological inquiry was aimed at studying the relationship between behavior and a given single source independently of other sources of information. The common strategy was to eliminate or to hold constant all potential sources of information except the source of interest. This research strategy was most apparent in psychophysics but was also pervasive in perception, memory, and learning.The single-factor experiment was the dominant mode of investigation when one-dimensional functional relationships were the primary goal. Trying to understand behavior when multiple sources of information are available poses additional problems. Factorial experiments seem to be the most promising approach, and we have witnessed immense methodological and theoretical progress in this domain. Specifically, the additivefactor method developed by Sternberg (1969) and Anderson's (1970Anderson's ( , 1981 functional measurement are milestones that will not be easily surpassed. Without these methodologies, there would have been a plethora of idle psychologists in the last couple of decades. True, Fisher (1935) bequeathed the statistical tools for factorial designs long before Anderson, Sternberg, andThe writing of this article was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NINCDS Grant 20314), a grant from the National Science Foundation (BNS 8812728), and a James McKeen Cattell Fellowship to Dominic W. Massaro; and by a grant from the National Science Foundation (IRI 8812798) to Daniel Friedman.We thank Michael M. Cohen, Yoshihisa Kashima, Roger Shepard, James Townsend, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dominic W. Massaro, Department of Psychology, University of...

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Section: Theory Of Signal Detectability (Tsd )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of integration given multiple sources of information.

Massaro¹,

Friedman²

1990

Psychological Review

218

205

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bimodal detection tasks have often been used to study the mechanisms operating when attention is divided between the auditory and the visual modalities (see Stanislaw, 1988, for a review). Raab (1962) was one of the first to study a speeded version of this task.…”

Section: In That Study the Activity Of Single Neurons In Area 4 Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locus of the redundant-signals effect in bimodal divided attention: A neurophysiological analysis

Miller

Ulrich

Lamarre

2001

Perception & Psychophysics

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We reanalyzed the data from the study of Lamarre, Busby, and Spidalieri (1983) Bimodal detection tasks have often been used to study the mechanisms operating when attention is divided between the auditory and the visual modalities (see Stanislaw, 1988, for a review). Raab (1962) was one of the first to study a speeded version of this task. Observers were required to respond as quickly as possible to a visual signal, an auditory signal, or both (i.e., redundant signals), and Raab found that responses to redundant signals were faster, on average, than those to either the visual or the auditory signals by themselves. This redundant-signalseffect (RSE) has since been replicated many times (e.g., Corballis, 1998;Diederich, 1995;Diederich & Colonius, 1987;Giray & Ulrich, 1993;Hughes, Reuter-Lorenz, Nozawa, & Fendrich, 1994;Marzi et al., 1996;Marzi, Tassinari, Aglioti, & Lutzemberger, 1986;Miller, 1982Miller, , 1986Schwarz & Ischebeck, 1994).Quantitative analyses of the RSE have provided insights into the explanation of the speed-up in redundant trials. Raab (1962) suggested that the effect might be explained by a race model. According to this model, the response in each trial is initiated by detection of either the visual signal or the auditory one. In single-signal trials, the response cannot be initiated until the presented signal is detected, but in redundant-signals trials, the response can be initiated as soon as either signal is detected. Raab showed that such a model could explain the RSE, essentially because the winner of a race goes faster, on average, than either of the runners in the race.Although Raab's (1962) race model provides an intuitively plausible account of the reduced mean reaction time (RT) in redundant-signals trials, analyses of RT distributions indicate that this model cannot explain the full speed-up in redundant-signalstrials. Miller (1982) showed that Raab's model requires RTs on visual, auditory, and redundant trials to obey the following inequality:

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Methodological considerations for the study of multimodal signal detection

Cited by 2 publications

References 64 publications

Models of integration given multiple sources of information.

Models of integration given multiple sources of information.

Locus of the redundant-signals effect in bimodal divided attention: A neurophysiological analysis

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