Methodological Considerations in Cross-national Consumer Research

Perceived Vulnerability in Consumer Ethnocentrism

“…All the scales used were originally developed in English, their translation into the sample's language was necessary. As the study is done in Mexico, the instruments should have equivalent meaning in the research context to be studied (Green & White, 1976). All the instruments were translated into the Spanish spoken in Mexico using the back-translation technique (Parameswaran & Yaprak, 1987).…”

Cross-national research and international business: An interdisciplinary path

“…Internationally-oriented research projects, in contrast to domestically-oriented research, generally involve aspects of CNR considerations. The nuances of CNR methods, for example, are complex and offer considerable challenges to researchers (see, for example, Davis, Douglas, & Silk, 1981;Green & White, 1976;Sekaran, 1983;Triandis & Berry, 1980;Walters & Samiee, 2003). Even routine considerations in a domestic project must be scientifically rationalized in CNR.…”

“…Although numerous IB scholars have asserted the interdisciplinarity of IB and echoed the importance of leveraging, for example, history, criminology, psychology, social psychology, sociology, political science, anthropology, law, and geography in enriching IB research (e.g., Cheng et al, 2014;Dunning, 1989;Green & White, 1976;Sekaran, 1983), our goal is to focus on comparative CNR in IB as well as other fields of prime relevance with rich CNR traditions from which IB may benefit in methods and substance. Thus, the initial step in our pursuit of an interdisciplinary approach began with the identification of the boundaries of CNR within IB.…”

Proceedings of the 1996 Multicultural Marketing Conference

“…_The two broad equivalence measures categories most often cited are functional or conceptual equivalence and instrumental equivalence (e.g., Davis et all981; Green and White 1976;Wind and Douglas 1971). A functional, conceptual, or definitional equivalence problem states that "if similar activities have different functions in different societies, their parameters cannot be used for comparative purposes" (Frijda and Jahoda 1966, p. 116).…”

“…A functional, conceptual, or definitional equivalence problem states that "if similar activities have different functions in different societies, their parameters cannot be used for comparative purposes" (Frijda and Jahoda 1966, p. 116). Instrumental equivalence, on the other hand, deals with the development of a valid and reliable data collection tool which measures the phenomenon being studied (e.g., Davis et al 1980;Green and White 1976). The most frequently used methods cited for establishing equivalence are back translation and bilingual translators.…”