Methodological Issues in Analyzing Small Populations Using CCHS Cycles Based on the Official Language Minority Studies

Makvandi, Ewa; Bouchard, Louise; Bergeron, Pierre-Jérôme; Sedigh, Golnaz

doi:10.17269/cjph.104.3459

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In addition, there are methodological issues that arise when observing small populations, such as soya consumers. The overall number of consumers is low, and when further split to account for age groups, the resulting estimates may exhibit increased variability and as a result be less efficient ( 63 ) . Furthermore, it must be cautioned that nutrient content of various soya products may differ by manufacturer, variety and brand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

Mudryj

Aukema

2015

Br J Nutr

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Soya foods are one of the recommended alternatives to meat in many dietary guidelines. While this is expected to increase the intake of some nutrients, potential concerns regarding others have been raised. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence and the association of soya food consumption with nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of Canadians (age $ 2 years). Cross-sectional data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.2; n 33 218) were used to classify soya consumers and non-consumers. Soya consumers were further divided into two groups based on their soya protein intake. Sample weights were applied and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between nutrient intakes and soya consumption, with cultural background, sex, age and economic status being included as covariates. On any given day, 3·3 % (n 1085) of Canadians consume soya foods, with females, Asian Canadians and adults with post-secondary education being more likely to be soya consumers. As a whole, adolescent and adult respondents who had consumed at least one soya food during their 24 h dietary recall had higher energy intakes, as well as increased intakes of nutrients such as protein, fibre, vitamin C, vitamin B 6 , naturally occurring folate, thiamin, Ca, P, Mg, PUFA, Fe and K and lowered intakes of saturated fat. These data indicate that soya food consumption is associated with improved diet quality of Canadians. However, future research is necessary to investigate the association between increased energy intake and soya consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

Mudryj

Aukema

2015

Br J Nutr

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“…Étant donné la taille réduite de l'échantillon francophone dans les données de l'ESCC, plusieurs cycles d'enquêtes ont été combinés selon une méthodologie validée par Statistique Canada pour nous permettre de tirer des conclusions valides. Ainsi, cette combinaison s'avère nécessaire pour accroître les effectifs insuffisants des populations de petite taille (Makvandi, et collab., 2013). Cela dit, la faiblesse des échantillons rend impossible les analyses par régionales et selon le sexe pour la plupart des provinces canadiennes, à l'exception de l'Ontario, où la population francophone est plus importante.…”

Section: La Méthodeunclassified

Enjeux de santé des aînés francophones vivant en situation minoritaire : une analyse différenciée selon les sexes1

Kemenade

Bouchard

Bergeron³

2016

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La recherche en santé sur les Communautés de langue officielle vivant en situation minoritaire révèle des disparités. Le fait d’être minoritaire dans une société, conjointement avec d’autres déterminants, comme le statut socioéconomique, l’éducation en santé, et le fait de ne pas avoir un soutien social contribuent aux disparités de santé. Dans le contexte du vieillissement plus marqué des populations de langue officielle vivant en situation minoritaire, nous avons examiné la situation des aînés francophones. Pour cela, une analyse secondaire des données issues de l’Enquête sur la santé des collectivités canadiennes (ESCC) a été réalisée. Nous présentons dans cet article, une analyse différenciée de leur situation sociosanitaire selon le sexe et le genre en dressant le portrait des états de santé, des incapacités et des besoins sur le plan des soins de santé.

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“…Methodological challenges have hindered further research on the relationship between linguistic factors and health outcomes. Quality issues derived from collection methods, type of language recorded, and access to data prevent researchers from further exploring how linguistic factors are impacting health care and outcomes [8][9][10]. Some studies have used language variables collected in healthcare databases; however, since their validity has never been formally assessed, the use of these variables has been limited and has generated conflicting results [8,9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascertaining the Francophone population in Ontario: validating the language variable in health data

Batista,

Hsu,

Bouchard

et al. 2024

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Background Language barriers can impact health care and outcomes. Valid and reliable language data is central to studying health inequalities in linguistic minorities. In Canada, language variables are available in administrative health databases; however, the validity of these variables has not been studied. This study assessed concordance between language variables from administrative health databases and language variables from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to identify Francophones in Ontario. Methods An Ontario combined sample of CCHS cycles from 2000 to 2012 (from participants who consented to link their data) was individually linked to three administrative databases (home care, long-term care [LTC], and mental health admissions). In total, 27,111 respondents had at least one encounter in one of the three databases. Language spoken at home (LOSH) and first official language spoken (FOLS) from CCHS were used as reference standards to assess their concordance with the language variables in administrative health databases, using the Cohen kappa, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV). Results Language variables from home care and LTC databases had the highest agreement with LOSH (kappa = 0.76 [95%CI, 0.735–0.793] and 0.75 [95%CI, 0.70–0.80], respectively) and FOLS (kappa = 0.66 for both). Sensitivity was higher with LOSH as the reference standard (75.5% [95%CI, 71.6–79.0] and 74.2% [95%CI, 67.3–80.1] for home care and LTC, respectively). With FOLS as the reference standard, the language variables in both data sources had modest sensitivity (53.1% [95%CI, 49.8–56.4] and 54.1% [95%CI, 48.3–59.7] in home care and LTC, respectively) but very high specificity (99.8% [95%CI, 99.7–99.9] and 99.6% [95%CI, 99.4–99.8]) and predictive values. The language variable from mental health admissions had poor agreement with all language variables in the CCHS. Conclusions Language variables in home care and LTC health databases were most consistent with the language often spoken at home. Studies using language variables from administrative data can use the sensitivity and specificity reported from this study to gauge the level of mis-ascertainment error and the resulting bias.

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Methodological Issues in Analyzing Small Populations Using CCHS Cycles Based on the Official Language Minority Studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

Enjeux de santé des aînés francophones vivant en situation minoritaire : une analyse différenciée selon les sexes1

Ascertaining the Francophone population in Ontario: validating the language variable in health data

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