Methodological quality of case series studies

Munn, Zachary; Barker, Timothy Hugh; Moola, Sandeep; Tufănaru, Cătălin; Stern, Cindy; McArthur, Alexa; Stephenson, Matthew; Aromataris, Edoardo

doi:10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00099

Cited by 693 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Inconsistent definitions, paired with minimal guidance, has also contributed to a lack of clarity about what to call these various reviews, and the rationale for selecting one type over another (Munn, Peters, Stern, Tufanaru, McArthur & Aromataris, 2018, p. 1). That being said, systematic literature reviews can be an effective way of "mapping out areas of uncertainty, and identifying where little or no relevant research has been done, but where new studies are needed" (Petticrew & Roberts, 2006, p. 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Prevalent Are Invertebrates in Human-Animal Scholarship? Scoping Study of Anthrozoös and Society & Animals

2019

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The field of Human-Animal Studies (HAS) is about human-animal relations. However, which nonhuman animals does the field encompass? In recent years, some scholars have noted a bias towards vertebrate species, especially domesticated mammals. To assess how prevalent (or not) invertebrates have been in HAS scholarship, a three-stage scoping study was conducted of two pioneering journals in the field: Anthrozoös and Society & Animals. This article reports on preliminary findings and confirms that human-animal scholarship, as presented in these two leading journals, is characterized by “institutional vertebratism,” albeit the extent of this invertebrate knowledge gap needs to be fully assessed. If the next generation of HAS scholars are to comprehend the extensive range of interspecies contexts, they must be more inclusive in terms of the diversity of animal species studied. Widening the species net is therefore a necessary corrective to address vertebrate bias in this field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Prevalent Are Invertebrates in Human-Animal Scholarship? Scoping Study of Anthrozoös and Society & Animals

2019

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“…We also gathered studies by searching through the reference lists of review articles identified by Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts, collected data and assessed risk of bias via Covidence and a hybrid critical appraisal checklist based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for case series, analytical cross-sectional studies and prevalence studies [38][39][40] . To evaluate the sample size in a study, we used the following calculation:…”

Section: Search Strategy Selection Criteria and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in transmissibility and shedding SARS-CoV-2 via droplets and aerosols

Chen

Bobrovitz

Premji

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A growing number of studies provide insight into how SARS-CoV-2 spreads1-7. Yet, many factors that characterize its transmissibility remain unclear, including mechanistic correlates of overdispersion, viral kinetics, the extent to which respiratory droplets and aerosols carry viable virus and the infectiousness of asymptomatic, presymptomatic and pediatric cases7. Here, we developed a comprehensive dataset of respiratory viral loads (rVLs) via systematic review and investigated these factors using meta-analyses and modeling. By comparing cases of COVID-19, SARS and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, we found that heterogeneity in rVL was associated with overdispersion and facilitated the distinctions in individual variation in infectiousness among these emergent diseases. For COVID-19, case heterogeneity was broad throughout the infectious period, although rVL tended to peak at 1 day from symptom onset (DFSO) and be elevated for 1-5 DFSO. While most cases presented minimal risk, highly infectious ones could spread SARS-CoV-2 by talking, singing or breathing, which shed virions at comparable rates via droplets and aerosols. Coughing shed considerable quantities of virions, predominantly via droplets, and greatly increased the contagiousness of many symptomatic cases relative to asymptomatic ones. Asymptomatic and symptomatic infections showed similar likelihoods of expelling aerosols with SARS-CoV-2, as did adult and pediatric cases. Children tended to be less contagious by droplet spread than adults based on tendencies of symptomatology rather than rVL. Our findings address longstanding questions on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and present pertinent considerations for disease control.

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“…The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for case reports, which includes 8 questions addressing the internal validity and risk of bias of case reports designs, particularly confounding and information bias, in addition to the importance of clear reporting, was used for quality assessment [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Quality Assessment Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Metabolic Emergencies in Diabetes and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports

Papadopoulos¹,

Koutroulos²,

Zikoudi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundCOVID-19 is associated with DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis), HHS (Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar State) and EDKA (Euglycaemic DKA). High mortality has been observed in COVID-19-related diabetic ketoacidosis; however, evidence is scarce.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar from January to December 2020 to identify all case reports describing DKA, HHS, and EDKA, in COVID-19 patients. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case reports was used for quality assessment. Univariate and multivariate analysis assessed correlations of study origin, combined DKA/HHS, age, BMI, HbA1c, administered antidiabetics, comorbidities, symptoms onset, disease status (DS), CRP, ferritin, d-dimers, glucose, osmolarity, pH, bicarbonates, ketones, lactates, β-hydroxybutyric acid, anion gap, and acute kidney injury (AKI) with outcome. The relevant protocol was submitted to PROSPERO database (ID: 229356).ResultsFrom 312 identified publications, 41 including 71 cases analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The types of acute metabolic emergencies observed were DKA (45/71, 63.4%), EDKA (6/71, 8.5%), combined DKA/HHS (19/71, 26.8%), and HHS (1/71, 1.4%). Overall mortality was 32.4% (22/68 patients; 3 missing). Multivariate analysis by classical regression demonstrated that COVID-19 DS4 (P=3•10−8), presence of DKA/HHS (P=0.021), and development of AKI (P=0.037) were all independently correlated with death. Increased DS (P=0.003), elevated lactates (P<0.001), augmented anion gap (P<0.001), and presence of AKI (P=0.002) were associated with DKA/HHS. SGLT-2i administration was linked with EDKA (P=0.004); however, a negative association with AKI was noted (P=0.023).ConclusionCOVID-19 intertwines with acute metabolic emergencies in diabetes leading to increased mortality. Key determinants are critical COVID-19 illness, coexistence of DKA/HHS and AKI. Awareness of clinicians to timely assess them might enable early detection and immediate treatment commencing. As previous treatment with was negatively associated with AKI, thus implying a prophylactic effect on renal function, the issue of discontinuation of SGLT-2i in COVID-19 patients remains to be further evaluated.Key messagesWhat is already known on this subject▸Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients.▸Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are not rare in COVID-19 diabetic and non-diabetic patients; key determinants of outcome remain unknown.What this study adds▸COVID-19 intertwines with acute metabolic emergencies in diabetes leading to increased mortality; key determinants are critical COVID-19 illness, coexistence of DKA and HHS as well as development of acute kidney injury.▸SGLT2-i administration is linked with euglycaemic DKA in patients with COVID-19, though preserving renal function.

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Methodological quality of case series studies

Cited by 693 publications

References 29 publications

How Prevalent Are Invertebrates in Human-Animal Scholarship? Scoping Study of Anthrozoös and Society & Animals

How Prevalent Are Invertebrates in Human-Animal Scholarship? Scoping Study of Anthrozoös and Society & Animals

Heterogeneity in transmissibility and shedding SARS-CoV-2 via droplets and aerosols

Acute Metabolic Emergencies in Diabetes and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports

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