Methodology and Applications of Disease Biomarker Identification in Human Serum

Sahab, Ziad J.; Semaan, Suzan M.; Sang, Qing‐Xiang Amy

doi:10.1177/117727190700200034

Cited by 76 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Successful markers are features that could be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of biological and pathological processes (Biomarkers Definitions Working Group, 2001;Sahab, Semaan, & Sang, 2007). Biomarkers can be anatomic, physiologic, or biochemical in nature and must be associated with a disease.…”

Section: A Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry applications in endocrinology

Kushnir

Rockwood

Bergquist

2009

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

139

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Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) has been recognized as a primary methodology for the accurate analysis of endogenous steroid hormones in biological samples. This review focuses on the use of LC-MS/MS in clinical laboratories to assist with the diagnosis of diverse groups of endocrine and metabolic diseases. Described analytical methods use on-line and off-line sample preparation and analytical derivatization to enhance analytical sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility. Advantages of LC-MS/MS as an analytical technique include high specificity, possibility to simultaneously measure multiple analytes, and the ability to assess the specificity of the analysis in every sample. All described analytical methods were extensively validated, utilized in routine diagnostic practice, and were applied in a number of clinical and epidemiological studies, including a study of the steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles. #

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Section: A Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry applications in endocrinology

Kushnir

Rockwood

Bergquist

2009

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

139

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“…Immunoassays such as ELISA remain the gold standard for validation and clinical use of protein biomarkers (30,31 ). Mass spectrometrybased approaches for clinical applications remain an appealing prospect for numerous reasons including, but not limited to, high analytical specificity and sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities.…”

Section: Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass spectrometrybased approaches for clinical applications remain an appealing prospect for numerous reasons including, but not limited to, high analytical specificity and sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. However, assay complexity and expertise requirements are currently preventing the adoption of mass spectrometry into routine use in clinical laboratories (30 ).…”

Section: Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long Journey of Cancer Biomarkers from the Bench to the Clinic

2013

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BACKGROUND Protein cancer biomarkers serve multiple clinical purposes, both early and late, during disease progression. The search for new and better biomarkers has become an integral component of contemporary cancer research. However, the number of new biomarkers cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration has declined substantially over the last 10 years, raising concerns regarding the efficiency of the biomarker-development pipeline. CONTENT We describe different clinical uses of cancer biomarkers and their performance requirements. We also present examples of protein cancer biomarkers currently in clinical use and their limitations. The major barriers that candidate biomarkers need to overcome to reach the clinic are addressed. Finally, the long and arduous journey of a protein cancer biomarker from the bench to the clinic is outlined with an example. SUMMARY The journey of a protein biomarker from the bench to the clinic is long and challenging. Every step needs to be meticulously planned and executed to succeed. The history of clinically useful biomarkers suggests that at least a decade is required for the transition of a marker from the bench to the bedside. Therefore, it may be too early to expect that the new technological advances will catalyze the anticipated biomarker revolution any time soon.

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“…Serum biomarkers can be used as indicators of the state of disease progression or simply as indicators for the functioning of normal biological processes within the human body. Ultimately, these biomarkers can monitor the progress of therapy [1,2]. For routine analysis of only one or a few analytes, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains the workhorse method for protein analysis in basic research and clinical diagnostics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexed protein analysis using encoded antibody-conjugated microbeads

Theilacker

Roller

Barbee

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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We describe a method for multiplexed analysis of proteins using fluorescently encoded microbeads. The sensitivity of our method is comparable to the sensitivity obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while only 5 ml sample volumes are needed. Streptavidin-coated, 1 mm beads are encoded with a combination of fluorophores at different intensity levels. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that 27 microbead populations can be readily encoded by affinity conjugation using three intensity levels for each of three different biotinylated fluorescent dyes. Four populations of encoded microbeads are further conjugated with biotinylated capture antibodies and then combined and immobilized in a microfluidic flow cell for multiplexed protein analysis. Using four uniquely encoded microbead populations, we show that a cancer biomarker and three cytokine proteins can be analysed quantitatively in the picogram per millilitre range by fluorescence microscopy in a single assay. Our method will allow for the fabrication of high density, bead-based antibody arrays for multiplexed protein analysis using integrated microfluidic devices and automated sample processing.

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Methodology and Applications of Disease Biomarker Identification in Human Serum

Cited by 76 publications

References 239 publications

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry applications in endocrinology

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry applications in endocrinology

The Long Journey of Cancer Biomarkers from the Bench to the Clinic

Multiplexed protein analysis using encoded antibody-conjugated microbeads

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