Methodology for estimating radiation dose rates to freshwater biota exposed to radionuclides in the environment

Blaylock, B.G.; Frank, M.L.; O'Neal, Brenda

doi:10.2172/10140212

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The methodology for estimating radiation dose rates as presented in Blaylock et al (1993) is the "Point Source Dose Distribution" approach (IAEA, 1976;IAEA, 1979). This approach uses empirically derived dose rate formulas for selected size categories of organisms, which are represented by ellipsoid geometries.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formulas in Blaylock et al (1993) used Standard International units (i.e., becquerels and grays (Gy)). Standard International units were, however, converted to curies and rads because these are the units typically used on the Oak Ridge Reservation for reporting radionuclide activities and evaluating exposures.…”

Section: Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These benchmarks are assumed to be protective of aquatic invertebrates, because the differences in potential exposure are expected to be small relative to the differences in radiosensitivity. Blaylock et al (1993) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, 1976) provide formulas and exposure factors for estimating the dose rates to representative aquatic organisms. These formulas were used to calculate the water and sediment activities that result in a total dose rate of 1 Rad d -1 to fish for selected radionuclides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These formulas were used to calculate the water and sediment activities that result in a total dose rate of 1 Rad d -1 to fish for selected radionuclides. The bases for estimating acceptable dose rates to aquatic biota are discussed elsewhere (IAEA, 1976;NCRP, 1987;NCRP, 1991;Blaylock et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiological Benchmarks for Effects on Aquatic Biota at the Oak Ridge Reservation

Jones

2000

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Radiological benchmarks for aquatic biota were developed for use at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation as screening values to determine the spatial extent of potential ecological effects and to identify the need for additional sitespecific investigation. The Point Source Dose Distribution approach was used to calculate water and sediment activities for selected radionuclides that result in a total dose rate to small and large fish of 1 Rad d -1 , which is the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements' recommended acceptable dose rate to natural populations of aquatic biota. These screening values incorporate internal and external exposures from parent isotopes and all short-lived daughter products. They also include exposures from all major alpha, beta, and gamma emissions for each isotope. Unlike exposures to chemicals, exposures to radionuclides are expressed as the dose rate received by the organism. Dose rates that account for the biological effects to the organism are additive. If the total dose rate from all radionuclides and pathways exceeds a recommended acceptable dose rate, further analysis is needed to determine the hazards posed by radionuclides. If, however, the total dose rate falls below an acceptable dose rate, radionuclides may be eliminated from further study.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiological Benchmarks for Effects on Aquatic Biota at the Oak Ridge Reservation

Jones

2000

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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“…In particular, several reviews have surveyed specific taxa, including protozoa (Wichterman, 1972), insects (O'Brien and Wolfe, 1964), amphibians (Brunst, 1965), reptiles (Cosgrove, 1971), birds (Mellinger and Schultz, 1975), plants (Whicker and Fraley, 1974), terrestrial organisms (Barnthouse, 1995;Whicker and Hinton, 1996), and aquatic biota (IAEA, 1976(IAEA, , 1979Anderson and Harrison, 1986;NCRP, 1991;Blaylock et al, 1993). These reviews address many aspects of radiological effects, including similarities and differences in humans vs. nonhuman biota, radiosensitivity, linear energy transfer (LET), relative biological effectiveness (RBE), radiation weighting factor (w R ), deterministic vs. stochastic effects, acute vs. chronic exposure, endpoints at multiple levels of biological organization, as well as identifying data gaps in both exposure and effects.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotection of nonhuman biota

Delistraty

2008

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Effects of depleted uranium on the health and survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca

Kuhne

Caldwell

Gould

et al. 2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Depleted uranium (DU) has been used as a substitute for the fissionable enriched uranium component of atomic weapons tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) (Los Alamos, NM, USA) since the early 1950s, resulting in considerable concentrations of DU in the soils within the test sites. Although the movement of DU into major aquatic systems has been shown to be minimal, there are many small-order ephemeral streams and areas of standing water in canyons throughout LANL that may be affected by inputs of DU via runoff, erosion, and leaching. Ninety-six-hour acute and 7-d chronic toxicity assays were conducted to measure the toxicity of DU on survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia. A 14-d water-only assay was conducted to measure survival and growth of Hyalella azteca. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) to produce 50% mortality of the test population for the 96-h Ceriodaphnia dubia assay was 10.50 mg/L. Reproductive effects occurred at a lowest-observable-effect concentration > or = 3.91 mg/L with a no-observable-effect concentration of 1.97 mg/L. The estimated 14-d LC50 for the Hyalella azteca assay was 1.52 mg/L. No significant relationship was detected between growth and DU concentrations. Concentrations at which toxicity effects were observed in this study for both invertebrates exceeded concentrations of total uranium observed in runoff from LANL lands. Thus, it is likely that current runoff levels of uranium do not pose a threat to these types of aquatic invertebrates.

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Methodology for estimating radiation dose rates to freshwater biota exposed to radionuclides in the environment

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Radiological Benchmarks for Effects on Aquatic Biota at the Oak Ridge Reservation

Radiological Benchmarks for Effects on Aquatic Biota at the Oak Ridge Reservation

Radioprotection of nonhuman biota

Effects of depleted uranium on the health and survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca

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