Methodology for the large-eddy simulation and particle image velocimetry analysis of large-scale flow structures on TCC-III engine under motored condition

Ko, Insuk; Rulli, Federico; Fontanesi, Stefano; D'Adamo, Alessandro; Min, Kyoungdoug

doi:10.1177/1468087420934599

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In this study, the in-cylinder add-on of SimCenter STAR-CCM+ is used to carry out the 3D-CFD simulation of the engine cycle. A RANS approach to turbulence is adopted [16], which is preferred to other more refined techniques such as DES [17,18] or LES [19][20][21][22] since the focus is made at present on the average H2 gaseous-injection event, without claiming to cover phenomena such as CoV [23], or combustion anomalies [24,25]. The injector nozzle-hole is modeled by a mass flow inlet boundary, with specified experimental pressure and temperature as well as mass flow rate.…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

Barbato

Cantore

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Nowadays, one of the hottest topic in the automotive engineering community is the reduction of fossil fuels. Hydrogen is an alternative energy source that is already providing clean, renewable, and efficient power being used in fuel cells. Despite being developed since a few decades, fuel cells are affected by several hurdles, the most impacting one being their cost per unit power. While waiting for their cost reduction and mass-market penetration, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) can be a rapidly applicable solution to reduce pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. Such engines benefit from the advanced technology of modern internal combustion engines (ICEs) and the advantages related to hydrogen combustion, although some modifications are needed for conventional liquid-fueled engines to run on hydrogen. The gaseous injection of hydrogen directly into the combustion chamber is a challenge both for the designers and for the injection system suppliers. To reduce uncertainties, time, and development cost, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools appear extremely useful, since they can accurately predict mixture formation and combustion before the expensive production/testing phase. The high-pressure gaseous injection which takes place in Direct-Injected H2ICEs promotes a super-sonic flow with very high gradients in the zone between the bulk of the injected hydrogen and the flow already inside the combustion chamber. To develop a methodology for an accurate simulation of these phenomena, the SoPHy Engine of the Engine Combustion Network group (ECN) is used and presented. This engine is fed through a single nozzle H2-injector; planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) data are available for comparison with the CFD outcomes.

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Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

Barbato

Cantore

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Optical engines were established with the goal to provide measurement data for an advanced evaluation of turbulence models [20,21]. These research activities provided a considerable database of flow and flame data during the last years that was used by the community to validate the CFD codes with respect to turbulent flow, mixture preparation and combustion [22,23]. A hybrid formulation of URANS, DES and LES was investigated in [24] and compared to PIV-like experimental data from the TCC-III engine and full-LES results.…”

Section: Basic Challenges Of Turbulent In-cylinder Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Predictive Simulation of Turbulent Combustion?—An Assessment for Large Internal Combustion Engines

Lauer

Frühhaber

2020

Energies

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Frequently the question arises in what sense numerical simulation can be considered predictive if prior model tuning with test results is necessary. In this paper a summary of the present Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation methods for in-cylinder modelling is presented with a focus on combustion processes relevant for large engines. The current discussion about the sustainability of internal combustion engines will have a strong impact on applying advanced CFD methods in industrial processes. It is therefore included in the assessment. Simplifications and assumptions of turbulence, spray, and combustion models, as well as uncertainties of model boundary conditions, are discussed and the future potential of an advanced approach like Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is evaluated. It follows that a high amount of expertise and a careful evaluation of the numerical results will remain necessary in the future to apply the best-suited models for a given combustion process. New chemical mechanisms will have to be developed in order to represent prospective fuels like hydrogen or OME. Multi-injection or dual fuel combustion will further pose high requirements to the numerical methods. Therefore, the further development and validation of advanced mixture, combustion and emission models will remain important. Close cooperation between academia, code suppliers and engine manufacturers could promote the necessary progress.

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“…POD has been found to effectively identify large energetic structures and help quantify the cyclic fluctuations of the coherent motions with respect to an ensemble-averaged flow field. 16–19 The presence of large-scale flow structures is found to be dominant in lower order (higher kinetic energy) modes, whereas higher order (lower kinetic energy) modes are expected not to be associated with a variation of a coherent motion, but rather being smaller scale turbulent fluctuations and noise. 20 A recent study from the authors also quantitatively compared the ensemble-averaged PIV data together with RANS simulation and POD processed PIV data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Figure19. RI versus CFD data for POD (blue) and KPCA (magenta) reconstructed flow fields with varying orders of approximations at 280 CAD bTDCf.…”

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confidence: 99%

Manifold reduction techniques for the comparison of crank angle-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) data and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations in a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine

Fang

Shen

Willman

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this article, different manifold reduction techniques are implemented for the post-processing of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) images from a Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engine. The methods are proposed to help make a more objective comparison between Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations and PIV experiments when Cycle-to-Cycle Variations (CCV) are present in the flow field. The two different methods used here are based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) principles where Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) are used for representing linear and non-linear manifold reduction techniques. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time a non-linear manifold reduction technique, such as KPCA, has ever been used in the study of in-cylinder flow fields. Both qualitative and quantitative studies are given to show the capability of each method in validating the simulation and incorporating CCV for each engine cycle. Traditional Relevance Index (RI) and two other previously developed novel indexes: the Weighted Relevance Index (WRI) and the Weighted Magnitude Index (WMI), are used for the quantitative study. The results indicate that both POD and KPCA show improvements in capturing the main flow field features compared to ensemble-averaged PIV experimental data and single cycle experimental flow fields while capturing CCV. Both methods present similar quantitative accuracy when using the three indexes. However, challenges were highlighted in the POD method for the selection of the number of POD modes needed for a representative reconstruction. When the flow field region presents a Gaussian distribution, the KPCA method is seen to provide a more objective numerical process as the reconstructed flow field will see convergence with an increasing number of modes due to its usage of Gaussian properties. No additional criterion is needed to determine how to reconstruct the main flow field feature. Using KPCA can, therefore, reduce the amount of analysis needed in the process of extracting the main flow field while incorporating CCV.

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Methodology for the large-eddy simulation and particle image velocimetry analysis of large-scale flow structures on TCC-III engine under motored condition

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

Towards a Predictive Simulation of Turbulent Combustion?—An Assessment for Large Internal Combustion Engines

Manifold reduction techniques for the comparison of crank angle-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) data and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations in a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine

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